Abstract:S111and 67.0% in daily injectables. ConCluSionS: The results demonstrate how medication non-adherence rates and reasons vary across different conditions, modes, and frequencies. This underscores the potential importance and utility of using a self-reported scale to develop interventions.
“…The following results are reported using the derived probabilities of diagnosis considering a lower‐ and higher‐prevalence scenarios respectively. Results pertaining to the UK were converted from pounds to euros for comparison 82 . Total economic costs of diagnosed NASH were estimated to range between €1234 and 2037 M (France), €3654 and 10 321 M (Germany), €696 and 1788 M (Italy), €435 and 724 M (Spain) and €2530 and 4676 M (UK).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The VSLY is an estimate of the value society places on an anonymous life. A per person VSLY for each of the five European countries was obtained from government published sources, or literature, and inflated where required 81‐83 …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results pertaining to the UK were converted from pounds to euros for comparison. 82 3). Average per person health system costs of diagnosed NASH in the five European countries were estimated to range between €699 and 771 (France), €795 and 852 (Germany), €1915 and 2242 (Italy), €1919 and 2568 (Spain) and €890 and 918 (UK) (Table 4).…”
Section: Economic Costs Of Diagnosed Nashmentioning
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
“…The following results are reported using the derived probabilities of diagnosis considering a lower‐ and higher‐prevalence scenarios respectively. Results pertaining to the UK were converted from pounds to euros for comparison 82 . Total economic costs of diagnosed NASH were estimated to range between €1234 and 2037 M (France), €3654 and 10 321 M (Germany), €696 and 1788 M (Italy), €435 and 724 M (Spain) and €2530 and 4676 M (UK).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The VSLY is an estimate of the value society places on an anonymous life. A per person VSLY for each of the five European countries was obtained from government published sources, or literature, and inflated where required 81‐83 …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results pertaining to the UK were converted from pounds to euros for comparison. 82 3). Average per person health system costs of diagnosed NASH in the five European countries were estimated to range between €699 and 771 (France), €795 and 852 (Germany), €1915 and 2242 (Italy), €1919 and 2568 (Spain) and €890 and 918 (UK) (Table 4).…”
Section: Economic Costs Of Diagnosed Nashmentioning
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
“…For an older cohort of people older than 50, a maximum value of 9.56 for the GDP multiple at age 54 can be calculated from the Aldy and Viscusi’s data [ 1 ]. A recent review of 133 estimates in the literature on VSLY found a median value of €164,000, mapping on a GDP multiple of more than 6 [ 39 ]. Thus, while the VSLY values that we elicited look large, they certainly fall within the range of values observed in other studies using different methodology and different populations.…”
Background
Value of a Statistical Life Year (VSLY) provides an important economic measure of an individual’s trade-off between health risks and other consumption, and is a widely used policy parameter. Measuring VSLY is complex though, especially in low-income and low-literacy communities.
Methods
Using a large randomized experiment (N = 3027), we study methodological aspects of stated-preference elicitation with payment cards (price lists) in an extreme poverty context. In a 2 × 2 design, we systematically vary whether buying or selling prices are measured, crossed with the range of the payment card.
Results
We find substantial effects of both the pricing method and the list range on elicited VSLY. Estimates of the gross domestic product per capita multiplier for VSLY range from 3.5 to 33.5 depending on the study design. Importantly, all estimates are economically and statistically significantly larger than the current World Health Organization threshold of 3.0 for cost-effectiveness analyses.
Conclusions
Our results inform design choice in VSLY measurements, and provide insight into the potential variability of these measurements and possibly robustness checks.
“…Although the original theory implies that the threshold is the highest cost-effectiveness ratio [23], the researchers instead took the mean across areas, weighting more efficient practice areas higher. A recent systematic review of 120 empirical economic studies, reporting estimates of the value of a statistical life-year using a variety of approaches, found the median to be nearly US $200,000 among European studies, and even higher among American studies [24, 25]. Fig.…”
Section: Stay the Course—‘efficiency First’ As Exemplified By Nationmentioning
The economic evaluation of new health technologies to assess whether the value of the expected health benefits warrants the proposed additional costs has become an essential step in making novel interventions available to patients. This assessment of value is problematic because there exists no natural means to measure it. One approach is to assume that society wishes to maximize aggregate health, measured in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Commonly, a single ‘cost-effectiveness’ threshold is used to gauge whether the intervention is sufficiently efficient in doing so. This approach has come under fire for failing to account for societal values that favor treating more severe illness and ensuring equal access to resources, regardless of pre-existing conditions or capacity to benefit. Alternatives involving expansion of the measure of benefit or adjusting the threshold have been proposed and some have advocated tacking away from the cost per QALY entirely to implement therapeutic area-specific efficiency frontiers, multicriteria decision analysis or other approaches that keep the dimensions of benefit distinct and value them separately. In this paper, each of these alternative courses is considered, based on the experiences of the authors, with a view to clarifying their implications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
