New energy crop alternatives for Northern Europe: Yield, chemical and physical properties of Giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis var. ‘Igniscum’) and Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita)

Papamatthaiakis, Nikolaos; Laine, Antti; Haapala, Antti; Ikonen, Risto; Kuittinen, Suvi; Pappinen, Ari; Kolström, Marja; Mola‐Yudego, Blas

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121349

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In response, there are now calls for biomass production systems to be multifunctional and adapted to local conditions (von Cossel et al, 2019b;Englund et al, 2020b). For this reason, among others, the portfolio of energy crops continues to expand (e.g., Papamatthaiakis et al, 2021). The focus is on perennial species that offer a variety of ecological benefits at low input (Don et al, 2012;Müller-Stöver et al, 2016;Emmerling et al, 2017;Hofmann et al, 2017;Jones, 2017;Englund et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors

et al. 2022

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The use of wildflower species as biogas feedstock carries the risk that their seeds survive anaerobic digestion (AD) and cause weed problems if spread with the digestate. Risk factors for seed survival in AD include low temperature, short exposure and hardseededness (HS). However, it is not possible to predict how AD will affect seed viability of previously unstudied species. In laboratory-scale reactors, we exposed seeds of eight species from a mixture of flowering wild plants intended as biogas feedstock and three reference species to AD at two mesophilic temperatures. Half of the species were HS, the other was non-HS (NHS). Viability was determined using a combination of tetrazolium and germination tests. Viability and germinability were modeled as functions of exposure time using a dose-response approach. Responses to AD varied considerably among species, and none of the considered influencing factors (time, temperature, HS) had a consistent effect. Seed lots of a species differed in inactivation times and seed-killing efficacy. The HS species Melilotus officinalis, Melilotus albus, and Malva sylvestris were particularly AD-resistant. They were the only ones that exhibited biphasic viability curves and tended to survive and germinate more at 42°C than at 35°C. Viability of the remaining species declined in a sigmoidal curve. Most NHS species were inactivated within a few days (Cichorium intybus, Daucus carota, Echium vulgare, and Verbascum thapsus), while HS species survived longer (Malva alcea). AD stimulated germination in the HS species A. theophrasti and its AD-resistance overlapped with that of the most resistant NHS species, C. album and tomato. In all seed lots, germinability was lost faster than viability, implying that mainly dormant seeds survived. After the maximum exposure time of 36 days, seeds of HS species and Chenopodium album were still viable. We concluded that viability responses to mesophilic AD were determined by the interplay of AD-conditions and species- and seed-lot-specific traits, of which HS was an important but only one factor. For the use of wildflowers as biogas feedstock, we recommended long retention times and special care with regard to HS species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors

et al. 2022

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“…The heat of combustion of Silphium perfoliatum L. amounted to 15.58 MJ•kg −1 , which was a satisfactory level for a solid biofuel. This value was lower than the heat of combustion of other plant fuels, such as camelina straw 18.50 MJ•kg −1 , crambe straw 17.94 MJ•kg −1 [46] or miscanthus 18-20 MJ•kg −1 [47], and for giant knotweed and Virginia mallow were 19.97 MJ•kg −1 and 19.68 MJ•kg −1 [48]. This means that Silphium perfoliatum L. is not a better fuel for combustion than other biomass fuels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Methods of Handling the Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) for Energy Production

et al. 2022

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The aim of the study was to determine the possibilities of using cup plants (Silphium perfoliatum L.) to generate energy. The energy balances of the combustion and anaerobic digestion were compared. The research showed that cup plants could be used as a raw material for solid fuel and for anaerobic digestion. An energy balance simulation showed that electricity could be generated through the anaerobic digestion of cup plants. The following amounts could be generated in the anaerobic digestion process: 1069 kWhe from 1 Mg of the raw material fragmented with an impact mill, 738.8 kWhe from 1 Mg of the raw material extruded at a temperature of 150 °C, and as much as 850.1 kWhe from 1 Mg of the raw material extruded at 175 °C. The energy balance of the combustion of biofuel in the form of cup plant pellets showed that 858.28 kWht could be generated from 1 Mg of the raw material. The combustion of solid biofuel generated a relatively low amount of heat in comparison with the expected amount of heat from a biogas-powered cogeneration system due to the high energy consumption of the processes of drying and agglomeration of the raw material for the production of pellets.

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“…For the other energy crops, the recorded biomethane production was more than 40% lower than that produced through maize silage fermentation (Table 4). The literature data indicates that the Virginia mallow may be a promising alternative to conventional energy crops for biogas production [25,26]. It has very low requirements in terms of soil conditions and can grow even on sandy or rocky soils [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation on Methane Fermentation of Selected Energy Crop Species

2021

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The aim of the present study was to determine how thermal stimulation via electromagnetic microwave radiation impacts the yields of biogas and methane produced by methane fermentation of five selected energy crop species in anaerobic reactors. The resultant performance was compared with that of reactors with conventional temperature control. The highest biogas production capacity was achieved for maize silage and Virginia mallow silage (i.e., 680 ± 28 dm3N/kgVS and 506 ± 16 dm3N/kgVS, respectively). Microwave radiation as a method of heating anaerobic reactors provided a statistically-significantly boost in methane production from maize silage (18% increase). Biomethane production from maize silage rose from 361 ± 12 dm3N/kgVS to 426 ± 14 dm3N/kgVS. In the other experimental variants, the differences between methane concentrations in the biogas were non-significant.

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New energy crop alternatives for Northern Europe: Yield, chemical and physical properties of Giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis var. ‘Igniscum’) and Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita)

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors

Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors

Methods of Handling the Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) for Energy Production

The Effect of Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation on Methane Fermentation of Selected Energy Crop Species

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