New Efforts to Detect Explosives Require Advances on Many Fronts

Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit

doi:10.1126/science.320.5882.1416

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…requires analytical methods with high speed and sensitivity [2,3]. Numerous analytical methods, such as laser photoacoustic spectroscopy [4], fluorescence [5][6][7], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [8,9], nano-electrical devices [10], mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectroscopy, and X-ray imaging [11] have been used or proposed as suitable methods for the detection and quantification of nitro-explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) et al Capillary electrophoresis (CE) [12], ion chromatography (IC) [13], electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [14], and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-IMS) [15] have been employed to detect characteristic ions of inorganic explosives, such as ClO 4 − , ClO 3 − , or NO 3 − [16,17], which are known for their high stability and non-volatility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A positively charged silver nanowire membrane for rapid on-site swabbing extraction and detection of trace inorganic explosives using a portable Raman spectrometer

2016

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The sensitive and on-site detection of inorganic explosives has raised serious concerns regarding public safety. However, high stability and non-volatility features currently limit their rapid on-site detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is emerging as a powerful technique for the trace-level detection of different molecules. Plasmonic Ag nanowires were produced by a hydrothermal synthesis method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a negatively charged stabilizer. Here, we report a rapid detection method for inorganic explosives based on a simple surface swab with a positively charged diethyldithiocarbamate-modified Ag nanowire membrane coupled with SERS. This membrane, serving as an excellent SERS substrate with high uniformity, stability, and reusability, can capture both typical oxidizers in inorganic explosives and organic nitro-explosives, via electrostatic interaction. The detection level of perchlorates (ClO 4 − ), chlorates (ClO 3 − ), nitrates (NO 3 − ), picric acid, and 2,4-dinitrophenol is as high as 2.0, 1.7, 0.1, 45.8, and 36.6 ng, respectively. In addition, simulated typical inorganic explosives such as black powders, firecrackers, and match heads could also be detected. We believe that this membrane represents an attractive alternative for rapid on-site detection of inorganic explosives with high efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A positively charged silver nanowire membrane for rapid on-site swabbing extraction and detection of trace inorganic explosives using a portable Raman spectrometer

2016

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“…However, TATP can be easily synthesized with readily available chemical precursors such as acetone, hydrogen peroxide and various acid catalysts, thus it has increasingly become an improvised explosive material frequently used in the terrorism activities including the July 2005 London transport bombings and the so-called "shoe bomber" criminals. TATP detection has attracted wide attentions and presented a challenge for public security [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacetone triperoxide detection using low reduced-field proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer

Shen

Han

et al. 2009

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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“…[1][2][3][4] Nitroaromatics are common targets for detection due to the widespread use of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in military explosive compositions and landmines. [1][2][3][4] Nitroaromatics are common targets for detection due to the widespread use of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in military explosive compositions and landmines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative real time sensing reveals enhanced sensitivity of polar dendrimer thin films for plastic explosive taggants

et al. 2015

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A method of introducing pulses of analyte vapours has been developed to study the interactions of nitrocontaining analytes with fluorescent sensing films. The quenching of the photoluminescence of thin dendrimer films by exposure to sub-saturation concentration vapour pulses of nitro-containing analytes is quantified and the reversibility of quenching interactions qualitatively examined. The analysis reveals a linear dependence of the initial/quenched fluorescence ratio (F 0 /F) with quencher concentration akin to Stern-Volmer behaviour routinely used to quantify quenching efficiency in solution. Detection limits and quenching efficiencies were calculated in the sub-saturation regime for each of the analytes and tracelevel detection of 1,4-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, and nitromethane vapours was observed. It was found that the sensitivity of first generation bifluorene-and carbazole-cored dendrimers towards vapours of the nitroaliphatic taggant 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane was significantly enhanced by changing the solubilising chains on the core from alkyl to oligo(ethylene oxide) groups. The responses of the films were observed to be independent of film exposure history making these dendrimers interesting candidates for deployment in thin film vapour sensors for explosives. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The experimental details for the synthesis and characterisation of the dendrimer precursors 1 and 3b is detailed. See

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New Efforts to Detect Explosives Require Advances on Many Fronts

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

A positively charged silver nanowire membrane for rapid on-site swabbing extraction and detection of trace inorganic explosives using a portable Raman spectrometer

A positively charged silver nanowire membrane for rapid on-site swabbing extraction and detection of trace inorganic explosives using a portable Raman spectrometer

Triacetone triperoxide detection using low reduced-field proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer

Quantitative real time sensing reveals enhanced sensitivity of polar dendrimer thin films for plastic explosive taggants

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