New DSM-5 maladaptive symptoms in PTSD: gender differences and correlations with mood spectrum symptoms in a sample of high school students following survival of an earthquake

Carmassi, Claudia; Stratta, Paolo; Massimetti, Gabriele; Bertelloni, Carlo Antonio; Conversano, Ciro; Cremone, Ivan Mirko; Miccoli, Mario; Baggiani, Angelo; Rossi, Alessandro; Dell’Osso, Liliana

doi:10.1186/s12991-014-0028-9

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Maladaptive behaviors, including suicidal behaviors and substance use, fully entered the DSM-5 diagnositc criteria for PTSD and were repeatedly associated with higher severity of the disorder. 48 – 52 Fjeldheim et al 5 reported a rate of 23% of alcohol abuse in South African university paramedic trainees who directly experienced trauma. Our data as a whole seem to thus suggest an increased severity of posttraumatic stress reaction in emergency workers with lower educational levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: correlations with work and social adjustment

Carmassi¹,

Gesi²,

Simoncini³

et al. 2016

NDT

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has recently recognized a particular risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among first responders (criterion A4), acknowledging emergency units as stressful places of employment. Little data is yet available on DSM-5 among emergency health operators. The aim of this study was to assess DSM-5 symptomatological PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum, as well as their impact on work and social functioning, in the emergency staff of a major university hospital in Italy. One hundred and ten subjects (doctors, nurses, and health-care assistants) were recruited at the Emergency Unit of the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (Italy) and assessed by the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report (TALS-SR) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). A 15.7% DSM-5 symptomatological PTSD prevalence rate was found. Nongraduated persons reported significantly higher TALS-SR Domain IV (reaction to loss or traumatic events) scores and a significantly higher proportion of individuals presenting at least one maladaptive behavior (TALS-SR Domain VII), with respect to graduate ones. Women reported significantly higher WSAS scores. Significant correlations emerged between PTSD symptoms and WSAS total scores among health-care assistants, nongraduates and women. Our results showed emergency workers to be at risk for posttraumatic stress spectrum and related work and social impairment, particularly among women and nongraduated subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: correlations with work and social adjustment

Carmassi¹,

Gesi²,

Simoncini³

et al. 2016

NDT

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“…All subjects were assessed by means of the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self-Report (TALS-SR) [ 18 , 19 ], for post-traumatic stress spectrum symptoms developed after exposure to trauma in the work place according to PTSD criterion A4 of the DSM-5 and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) [ 21 ] for work and social functioning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the sample characteristics, the criterion A was considered satisfied. According to previous studies [ 21 – 29 ], symptomatological PTSD prevalence rates according to either the DSM-IV-TR and the DSM-5 criteria were assessed by means of a matching between the TALS-SR and the DSM PTSD symptoms. In particular, in the present study a symptomatological DSM-5 diagnosis of PTSD was assessed by using the following matching between DSM-5 symptoms criteria and TALS-SR items, a scheme already used in 2014 to assess gender differences in PTSD scores on a sample of 512 survivors to the L’Aquila earthquake [ 23 ]: Criterion B ( B 1 = 80; B 2 = 77; B 3 = 79; B 4 = 78; B 5 = 81); Criterion C ( C 1 = 86; C 2 = 87 and/or 88 and/or 89); Criterion D ( D 1 = 90; D 2 = 95; D 3 = 85; D 4 = 96; D 5 = 91; D 6 = 93; D 7 = 92); and Criterion E ( E 1 = 108; E 2 = 99 and/or 100 and/or 102 and/or 103 and/or 104; E 3 = 106; E 4 = 107; E 5 = 105; E 6 = 109).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring PTSD in emergency operators of a major University Hospital in Italy: a preliminary report on the role of gender, age, and education

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEmergency services personnel face frequent exposure to potentially traumatic events, with the potential for chronic symptomatic distress. The DSM-5 recently recognized a particular risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among first responders (criterion A4) but data are still scarce on prevalence rates and correlates.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the possible role of age, gender, and education training in a sample of emergency personnel diagnosed with DSM-5 PTSD.MethodsThe Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self-Report (TALS-SR) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) were administered to 42 between nurses and health care assistants, employed at the emergency room of a major University Hospital (Pisa) in Italy.Results21.4% of the sample reported DSM-5 PTSD with significantly higher scores in the TALS-SR domain exploring the acute reaction to trauma and losses among health care assistants, older, and non-graduated subjects. A significant correlation between the number of the TALS-SR symptoms endorsed, corresponding to DSM-5 PTSD diagnostic criteria emerged in health care assistants.ConclusionsDespite further studies are needed in larger samples, our data suggest a high risk for PTSD and post-traumatic stress spectrum symptoms in nurses and health care workers operating in an emergency department, particularly among health care assistants, women, older, and non-graduated operators.

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“…However, considering the increased incidence of PTSD in females (Carmassi et al 2014), the presented data may not be able to account for potential sex differences in IL-1β levels and may not be generalisable to females with PTSD. Furthermore, many samples are limited to veterans with trauma exposure due to combat.…”

Section: Insert Table I Herementioning

confidence: 91%

A Systematic Review of Interleukin-1β in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

Waheed

Dalton

Wesemann

et al. 2018

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research

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Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, have been implicated as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review examines data regarding IL-1β production/concentration in human and animal studies of PTSD. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, relevant articles from PubMed were reviewed from inception until July 10, 2017. Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Animal studies demonstrated increased hippocampal IL-1β in rodent models of PTSD. Several immunomodulatory drugs were shown to reduce elevated IL-1β levels and anxiety-like behaviors in animals. Human cross-sectional studies showed contradictory results; serum and plasma IL-1β concentrations in PTSD patients were either elevated or did not differ from control groups. In vitro IL-1β production by stimulated cells demonstrated no difference between PTSD and control participants, although spontaneous in vitro production of IL-1β was increased in the PTSD group. The findings from 2 longitudinal studies were inconsistent. Given the conflicting findings, it is premature to consider IL-1β as a biomarker of PTSD. Anti-inflammatory agents may reduce IL-1β, and be a potential basis for future therapeutic agents in PTSD treatment. More longitudinal research is needed to better understand the role of IL-1β in the development and/or maintenance of PTSD.

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New DSM-5 maladaptive symptoms in PTSD: gender differences and correlations with mood spectrum symptoms in a sample of high school students following survival of an earthquake

Cited by 43 publications

References 62 publications

DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: correlations with work and social adjustment

DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: correlations with work and social adjustment

Exploring PTSD in emergency operators of a major University Hospital in Italy: a preliminary report on the role of gender, age, and education

A Systematic Review of Interleukin-1β in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

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