New Dispatching Paradigm in Power Systems Including EV Charging Stations and Dispersed Generation: A Real Test Case

Abstract

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming one of the main answers to the decarbonization of the transport sector and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the decarbonization of the electricity production sector. Nevertheless, their impact on the electric grids cannot be neglected. New paradigms for the management of the grids where they are connected, which are typically distribution grids in Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV), are necessary. A reform of dispatching rules, including the management of distribution grids and the resources there connected, is in progress in Europe. In this paper, a new paradigm linked to the design of reform is proposed and then tested, in reference to a real distribution grid, operated by the main Italian Distribution System Operator (DSO), e-distribuzione. First, in reference to suitable future scenarios of spread of RES-based power plants and EVs charging stations (EVCS), using Power Flow (PF) models, a check of the operation of the distribution grid, in reference to the usual rules of management, is made. Second, a new dispatching model, involving DSO and the resources connected to its grids, is tested, using an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm. Results show that the new paradigm of dispatching can effectively be useful for preventing some operation problems of the distribution grids.

Analysis of Traditional and Alternative Methods for Solving Voltage Problems in Low Voltage Grids: An Estonian Case Study

“…Several studies have investigated how the presence of DGs and power electronics based on non-linear loads influence power quality in low-voltage grids and how the negative effects can be mitigated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The study reported in [8] states that the uncontrolled charging of PEVs has negative effects on network demand, voltage unbalance factor (VUF), and the voltage profile of the LV distribution grid, while [9] lists line congestion, voltage drops, inverse power flows, increased energy losses, and power quality (PQ) as problems related to DG and PEV charging stations. stability question, other issues remain in the voltage domain-mainly in the field of electrical power quality.…”

Intelligent Transportation Systems for Electric Vehicles

“…The authors of the study [8] work on a real case by monitoring an electric bus fleet and analyzing the direct and indirect environmental aspects impacting the emission and health of citizens in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Study [9] presents a new paradigm regarding Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the management distribution grids. Concerning Energy management, study [13], addresses the charging requests by considering a battery swap solution, achieving a long-distance trip addressing the challenges of developing appropriate swap battery methods for a large number of EVs with charging demands while also taking into account the variance in the battery charging rate.…”

Intelligent Transportation Systems for Electric Vehicles

“…Study [9] presents a new paradigm regarding Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the management distribution grids. Concerning Energy management, study [13], addresses the charging requests by considering a battery swap solution, achieving a long-distance trip addressing the challenges of developing appropriate swap battery methods for a large number of EVs with charging demands while also taking into account the variance in the battery charging rate.…”