New directions in assisted breeding techniques for fish conservation

Rivers, Nicola; Daly, Jonathan; Temple-Smith, Peter

doi:10.1071/rd19457

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Intraspeci c transplantation is challenging with respect to production of oocytes in good quality and su cient amount [11,36] especially in more distant species [17]. Evolutionary distance between gold sh and carp is about 34 mya.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

Franěk

Kašpar

Gela

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Common carp is the fourth most-produced species in worldwide aquaculture. Significant efforts are invested in breeding and preservation of genetic integrity of this important species. However, maintaining carp gene bank in situ can be considered as demanding due to its big body size. Recent progress in reproductive biotechnologies in fish allows improving some unfavourable characteristics of a target species using surrogate reproduction. Germ stem cells (gamete precursors) from one species are transplanted into different surrogate species with small body size. After maturation, surrogates are producing donor-derived progeny. Efficient protocols for cryopreservation of carp male and female germ stem cells have been developed lately. Thus, the next logical goal was to assess the potential of goldfish surrogate to produce donor-derived gametes of common carp after intraperitoneal transplantation of testicular cells. Results: High transplantation success was achieved when 44% of the surviving goldfish produced pure donor-derived gametes of common carp. More importantly, both viable eggs and sperm giving rise to pure common carp progeny were produced, witnessing sustainability of the presented method. Donor-derived identity of the offspring was confirmed by genotyping and typical phenotype corresponding to the donor species. Reproductive performance of chimeras was similar to goldfish controls. Assessment of gamete characteristics showed that the size of donor-derived eggs is between control carp and goldfish eggs. Interestingly, flagellum length in donor-derived spermatozoa was comparable to common carp flagellum and significantly shorter than goldfish flagellum. Conclusions: In this study, we succeeded in the production of pure common carp progeny from surrogate goldfish recipients transplanted intraperitoneally by testicular germ cells. Here we reported production of viable eggs between most distant species up to date. Good reproductive performance of goldfish germline chimeras gives a promising prospect for further analysis about the long-term reproductive performance of surrogates, recovery of cryopreserved germ cells or production of monosex stocks. Presented technology is ready to ease needs for carp breeds preservation and their recovery using many times smaller goldfish surrogates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

Franěk

Kašpar

Gela

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The density gradient centrifugation technique has been used for auxiliary tool, in assisted reproduction in mammals [5] , [12] , and lastly in fish [11] for examplo, with Salmo salar [2] , allowing a proportion of sperm with greater motility, speed, and fertilization capacity. For the shaping of gradients, silica-based solutions are used, which can be coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [1] , or with silane [12] .…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm selection of cryopreserved milt of catfish (Rhamdia quelen) by density gradient centrifugation with AllGrad® 90%

et al. 2021

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Density gradient centrifugation is a technique used to wash or separate samples of cryopreserved milt, mainly in humans and bovines allowing, for example, reducing the concentration of cryoprotectants or choosing the best portion of sperm. The proposed method seeks to reduce the presence of cryoprotectant in the cryopreserved milt of the Rhamdia qhelen and to obtain a fraction of better quality sperm. Gradient centrifugation was formed from 90% AllGrad® and different centrifugation times and forces were compared. The separated sperm presented a low increase in motility and decreased head damage and presence of gout, however, it was better compared to the non-separated samples. The speed of 1000 × g for 10 min, 4 °C, allowed 22.25 ± 4.64% of normal spermatozoa, that is, 9.25% more than the non-centrifuged milt ( p = 0.0013). The centrifugation method allows a fraction of spermatozoa morphologically less affected by cryopreservation. Density gradient centrifugation with AllGrad® 90% is proposed as a tool of easy adaptation and application for the separation of cryopreserved sperm of R. quelen . Density gradient centrifugation method at 1000 × g for 10 min allows obtaining a better fraction of normal sperm.

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“…Oocyte cryopreservation is particularly challenging in fish due to the large cell volume, multiple compartments, the presence of a chorion, the low membrane permeability to cryoprotectants and a high chilling sensitivity ( Asturiano et al 2017 , Diwan et al 2020 ). Therefore, for those species, alternatives are intensively investigated and germ cell surrogacy via germ cell transplantation looks like one of the most promising methods ( Rivers et al 2020 ). Technical difficulties confronted during fish oocyte cryopreservation were already ominous for amphibian oocyte handling.…”

Section: Gamete and Reproductive Tissue Cryopreservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurrecting biodiversity: advanced assisted reproductive technologies and biobanking

Bolton¹,

Mooney²,

Pettit

et al. 2022

Reproduction and Fertility

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Biodiversity: the variety of all living organisms on Earth is essential for human survival. However, anthropogenic activities are causing the sixth mass extinction, threatening even our own species. For many animals, dwindling numbers are becoming fragmented populations with low genetic diversity, threatening long-term species viability. With extinction rates 1,000-10,000 times greater than is natural, ex situ and in situ conservation programmes need additional support to save species. The indefinite storage of cryopreserved (-196oC) viable cells and tissues (cryobanking), followed by assisted or advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART: utilisation of oocytes and spermatozoa to generate offspring; aART: utilisation of somatic cell genetic material to generate offspring), may be the only hope for species long-term survival. As such, cryobanking should be considered a necessity for all future conservation strategies. Following cryopreservation, ART/aART can be used to reinstate lost genetics back into a population, resurrecting biodiversity. However, for this to be successful, species-specific protocol optimisation and increased knowledge of basic biology for many taxa is required. Current ART/aART is primarily focused on mammalian taxa, however, this needs to be extended to all, including to some of the most endangered: amphibians. Gamete, reproductive tissue and somatic cell cryobanking can fill the gap between losing genetic diversity today, and future technological developments. This review explores species prioritisation for cryobanking and the successes and challenges of cryopreservation and multiple ARTs/aARTs. We discuss the value of cryobanking before more species are lost and the potential of advanced reproductive technologies not only to halt, but reverse biodiversity loss.

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New directions in assisted breeding techniques for fish conservation

Cited by 23 publications

References 99 publications

Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

Sperm selection of cryopreserved milt of catfish (Rhamdia quelen) by density gradient centrifugation with AllGrad® 90%

Resurrecting biodiversity: advanced assisted reproductive technologies and biobanking

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