New directions for dMiCE - a depth-of-interaction detector design for PET scanners.

Lewellen, T.K.; MacDonald, L.R.; Miyaoka, Robert S.; McDougald, Wendy; Champley, Kyle

doi:10.1109/nssmic.2007.4436948

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Our current DAB designs allow for photosensors of any size from single elements to 20×20 arrays of sensors. In particular, we are designing a DAB for the cMiCE modules [3] that use 8×8 sensor arrays and our current dMiCE module that is based on a 20×20 crystal array with individual readouts for each crystal [2]. For the cMiCE modules, each photosensor is connected to the ANB directly (after being converted to a differential signal).…”

Section: System Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if we are running in the event processing mode, the FPGA does the position estimation and the data block includes four entries (the x-y position of the event, the depth-ofinteraction estimate, and the energy). For the dMiCES detectors [2], the normal mode will be to perform row/column summing and for the FPGA to pick the 6 largest signals (each crystal pair will produce 3 signals) and put them in the sensor fields with the top 5 bits encoding the row/column position and the lower 11 bits the integrated ADC value. Obviously, this format allows a wide variety of representations of the detector data depending on how much processing is done within the FPGA and the number of data sensors used in the detector module.…”

Section: System Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the new system will be more compact and able to be used with PET system inserts for Magnetic Resonance scanners (MRI). The new electronics is also being designed to support both our continuous detector development efforts (cMiCES) and our discrete crystal depth-ofinteraction detector designs (dMiCES) [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our own laboratory, the FPGAs are routinely used for pulse integration [1,12] and we are developing implementations for statistical event localization [2] and timing [5]. With the continued advances in FPGA capacity and speed, including the ability to include embedded processors tailored to the needs of specific applications (e.g., NIOS II soft core processor for Altera devices), we have elected to put as much as possible within the FPGA for this revision of our Firewire based data-acquisition systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Design of a second generation firewire based data acquisition system for small animal PET scanners

Lewellen

Miyaoka

MacDonald

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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The University of Washington developed a Firewire based data acquisition system for the MiCES small animal PET scanner. Development work has continued on new imaging scanners that require more data channels and need to be able to operate within a MRI imaging system. To support these scanners, we have designed a new version of our data acquisition system that leverages the capabilities of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The new design preserves the basic approach of the original system, but puts almost all functions into the FPGA, including the Firewire elements, the embedded processor, and pulse timing and pulse integration. The design has been extended to support implementation of the position estimation and DOl algorithms developed for the cMiCE detector module. The design is centered around an acquisition node board (ANB) that includes 65 ADC channels, Firewire 1394b support, the FPGA, a serial command bus and signal lines to support a rough coincidence window implementation to reject singles events from being sent on the Firewire bus. Adapter boards convert detector signals into differential paired signals to connect to the ANB.

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Section: System Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design of a second generation firewire based data acquisition system for small animal PET scanners

Lewellen

Miyaoka

MacDonald

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…It is based on our experience with the original MiCES electronics concepts [1]. However, the new system is more compact and designed to support both our continuous detector development efforts (cMiCES) and our discrete crystal depth-of-interaction detector designs (dMiCES) [2][3][4]. It implements many of the FPGA pulse processing algorithms we have previously reported on [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the design of a second generation FireWire based data acquisition system

Lewellen¹,

Miyaoka²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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Our laboratory has previously reported on the basic design concepts of an updated FireWire based data acquisition system for depth-of-interaction detector systems designed at the University of Washington. The new version of our data acquisition system leverages the capabilities of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and puts almost all functions into the FPGA, including the FireWire elements, the embedded processor, and pulse timing and integration. The design is centered around an acquisition node board (ANB) that includes 64 serial ADC channels, one high speed parallel ADC, FireWire 1394b support, the FPGA, a serial command bus and signal lines to support a rough coincidence window implementation to reject singles events from being sent on the FireWire bus. Adapter boards convert detector signals into differential paired signals to connect to the ANB. In this paper we discuss many of the design details, including steps taken to minimize the number of layers in the printed circuit board and to avoid skewing of parallel signals and unwanted bandwidth limitations.

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Statistical LOR estimation for a high-resolution dMiCE PET detector

et al. 2009

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We develop a statistical line of response (LOR) estimator of the three-dimensional interaction positions of a pair of annihilation photons in a PET detector module with depth of interaction capability. The three-dimensional points of interaction of a coincidence pair of photons within the detector module are estimated by calculation of an expectation of the points of interaction conditioned on the signals measured by the photosensors. This conditional expectation is computed from estimates of the probability density function of the light collection process and a model of the kinetics of photon interactions in the detector module. Our algorithm is capable of handling coincidences where each annihilation photon interacts any number of times within the detector module before being completely absorbed or escaping. In the case of multiple interactions, our algorithm estimates the position of the first interaction for each of the coincidence photons. This LOR estimation algorithm is developed for a high-resolution PET detector capable of providing depth-of-interaction information. Depth of interaction is measured by tailoring the light shared between two adjacent detector elements. These light-sharing crystal pairs are referred to as dMiCE and are being developed in our lab. Each detector element in the prototype system has a 2 × 2 mm2 cross section and is directly coupled to a micro-pixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD). In this set-up, the distribution of the ratio of light shared between two adjacent detector elements can be expressed as a function of the depth of interaction. Monte Carlo experiments are performed using our LOR estimation algorithm and compared with Anger logic. We show that our LOR estimation algorithm provides a significant improvement over Anger logic under a variety of parameters.

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New directions for dMiCE - a depth-of-interaction detector design for PET scanners.

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Design of a second generation firewire based data acquisition system for small animal PET scanners

Design of a second generation firewire based data acquisition system for small animal PET scanners

Evolution of the design of a second generation FireWire based data acquisition system

Statistical LOR estimation for a high-resolution dMiCE PET detector

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