New developments in proton conducting membranes for fuel cells

Wycisk, Ryszard; Pintauro, Peter N.; Park, Jun Woo

doi:10.1016/j.coche.2014.01.012

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Alternative carbon nanostructures with higher theoretical energy densities are under investigation 34 , but neither carbon nanotubes nor graphene have been found to be technically feasible because they have too many side-reactions 55 . Carbon nanotubes and graphene also exhibit more environmentally intensive 50,51 profiles and, like other carbon 7 nanostructures, their handling requires more precaution 56 than graphite 57 . The current carbon nanotube synthesis routes are energy intensive [58][59][60] .…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanostructured tin-based anodes cycle with a higher Coulombic efficiency than silicon 47 , and germanium-based anodes allow for exceptional power densities 34 . However, given the greater scarcity 47,66 of these metals and the environmental impacts of their extraction and refining 50,51 , their lifecycle environmental sustainability performance remains unremarkable 57,80,81 . Tin may nonetheless prove attractive because of its superior performance when combined with other elements, such as abundant and low-impact iron (e.g., Sn2Fe nanoparticles) [82][83][84] .…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These membranes have generally fallen short of the technical goals for PEMFCs for transport applications; they have lower device efficiency due to their lower ionic conductivity, or are unstable and lack the robustness required for an adequate device lifetime relative to Nafion membranes 50,55 . However, as discussed above, their lack of fluorine atoms generally makes these materials less environmentally intensive than fluorinated membranes and modifications such as covalent attachment of proton-conductive compounds, crosslinking and nanostructure are being explored as methods to overcome weaknesses 49,[56][57][58][59][60] . An exception to the technical performance of this category of membranes are phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole-based membranes.…”

Section: Review Of Bulk Polymer Matrices For Electrolyte Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example is the fabrication of ion-conductive polymer nanofibers, demonstrating distinctive electrochemical, physicochemical, and thermal properties owing to their high specific surface area and polymer orientation along the nanofiber direction 159,160 . The use of a reinforcing, mechanically strong nanofiber morphology can minimize in-plane swelling changes during wet(on)/off(-dry) fuel cell operation and thus extend the device lifetime 161 . Some success has been achieved with a dual electrospun composite of poly(phenyl sulfone) and Nafion 162 , where PPSU provides mechanical stability to the PFSA membrane, thus improving lifetime while maintaining device efficiency (cell power output).…”

Section: Electrolyte Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cobalt's high cost has led a drive to replace most of it in many applications 96 , resulting in the adoption of materials with lower cobalt content such as LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) and NCA. The popular NMC and NCA pose exposure risks and hazards because they, as with many nickel-containing compounds, are suspected of being human carcinogens 57,[97][98][99] . Their high energy-and power densities have nevertheless made them attractive as bulk materials, and these materials are already used in EVs 47 .…”

Section: Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

et al. 2016

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Electric vehicles (EVs) powered by lithium ion batteries (LIBs) or proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer important potential climate change mitigation effects when combined with clean energy sources. The development of novel nanomaterials may bring about the next wave of technical improvements for LIBs and PEMFCs. If the next generation of EVs is to lead to not only reduced emissions during use but also environmentally sustainable production chains, the research on nanomaterials for LIBs and PEMFCs should be guided by a lifecycle perspective. In this Review, we describe an environmental lifecycle screening framework tailored to assess nanomaterials for electromobility. By applying this framework, we offer an early evaluation of the most promising nanomaterials for LIBs and PEMFCs and their potential contributions to the environmental sustainability of EV lifecycles. Potential environmental trade-offs and gaps in nanomaterials research are identified to provide guidance for future nanomaterial developments for electromobility.

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Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Bulk Polymer Matrices For Electrolyte Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrolyte Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

et al. 2016

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Proton Conductivity of Composite Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications

Escorihuela

Narducci

Compañ

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

145

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The study of proton conductivity processes has gained intensive attention in the past decades due to their potential applications in chemical sensors, electrochemical devices, and energy generation. The scientific community has focused its efforts on the development of high‐performing polymeric membranes as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell (FC) applications. In particular, high conductivity at different humidity and temperature and enhanced chemical and mechanical stability under operative conditions are considered the main goals to be reached. The design of mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) based on conductive polymers and inorganic fillers is an approach commonly used for achieving materials with improved conductive and mechanical properties. In the last five years, the use of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as fillers for conductive MMMs has rapidly grown for their intrinsic stability and structural versatility. The recent progress around the proton conductivity of MOF based composite membranes on PEMs for FC applications is critically reviewed.

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Orthogonal design study on factors affecting the diameter of perfluorinated sulfonic acid nanofibers during electrospinning

Song

Chen

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, Nafion® NR 40 beads with polyethylene oxide (PEO) are fabricated into a nanofiber membrane using electrospinning. In particular, Nafion® beads in non‐toxic mixed solvent (EtOH and H2O) were blended with the carrier polymer PEO, which is the minor component in the solution responsible for the solution spinnability. The highest content of Nafion® in the nanofiber is 98.04%. To investigate the factors influencing the nanofiber diameter during electrospinning, an orthogonal design method was adopted. These factors include the carrier polymer content, distance between the syringe needle and roller collector, flow rate of the electrospinning solution, and the roller rotation speed. After obtaining the significant factors and optimal test level, an additional optimization experiment is conducted under the best conditions. The resulting nanofibers have a diameter of ∼150 nm. Moreover, the obtained Nafion® nanofiber membrane has strong potential for applications in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the chlor‐alkali industry, catalysts, and metal ion removal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41755.

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New developments in proton conducting membranes for fuel cells

Cited by 50 publications

References 38 publications

Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

Proton Conductivity of Composite Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications

Orthogonal design study on factors affecting the diameter of perfluorinated sulfonic acid nanofibers during electrospinning

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