New cosmetic formulations with broad photoprotective and antioxidative activities designed by amaranth and pumpkin seed oils nanocarriers

Formulation and Characterization of Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Photoprotective Properties Made from Carnauba Wax, Beeswax, Pumpkin Seed Oil, and UV Filters

“…Due to the imperfection of NLC lipid lattice, it can help to load in more drug that showed higher EE. Therefore, the higher EE of NLC with PSO was agreed with previous study from Lacatusu et al (). The higher DL value was also obtained from NLC developed by PSO in F1 as shown in Table .…”

“…When comparing F1 and F2, the difference in the SPF value with the addition of same amount of UV filter indicated there is a presence of synergistic effect of PSO with UV filter, which in turn enhance the SPF value. The result is the same as in the literatures that claimed vegetable oils can effectively enhance the photoprotective properties (Lacatusu et al, ; Lacatusu et al, ; Niculae et al, ; Niculae et al, ). At the same time, it may have the potential in reducing the usage of synthetic UV filters.…”

“…Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is the second generation of lipid nanoparticle, which is composed of both solid lipid and liquid lipid. NLC shows the ability to carry, protect, and enable controlled release of the functional ingredients (Lacatusu et al, ). According to Pezeshki et al (), NLC is utilized as a delivery system due to its specific structure with high loading capacity of the active ingredients.…”

“…Furthermore, Lacatusu et al () and Badea et al () reported the presence of synergistic effect of plant seed oil with UV filters that can help to reduce the usage of synthetic UV filters in the production of sunscreen products. Rabrenovic et al (), Gorjanovic et al (), and Lacatusu et al () claimed PSO contains high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols as well as squalene, which possess high potential in medical and nutritional purposes. Besides, the polyphenols present may benefit for photoprotection and inhibition of photocarcinogen (Afaq and Katiyar, ).…”

“…According to the article published by Robles () in market research blog (Euromonitor International), the sunscreen market has been extending extremely during the past decade due to concern of the consumers, but there is still demand for innovation to explore and generate safer, healthier, and effective formulations with attractive textures that are easy to apply. The novelty of the present study was the direct utilization of NLC produced by PSO loaded with UV filter as a cosmetic formulation instead of adding the lyophilized‐NLC powder in the development of cosmetic formulations (hydrogel) as Lacatusu et al (). Besides, without freeze‐drying of the NLC into powder form, it shortens the processes and cutoff the production cost for the cosmetic formulation.…”