Surfactant-capped nanoparticles of 9, 10-diphenyl anthracene prepared by reprecipitation method found highly fluorescent due to aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE). Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant not only generated positive zeta potential on the surface of nanoparticles to attract anions of interest but also stabilized nanoparticles into brickshape morphology. The fluorescence of nanoparticles is quenched by Cr 2 O 7 2ion very significantly in comparison with other diverse ions, namely, MnO 4 -, S 2 O 8 2-, HCO 3 -, and Cr 2 O 4 2-. Though S 2and IO 3 showed increase in the fluorescence of nanoparticles, the interference found is negligible in the Cr (VI) analysis. The selectivity and sensitivity of nanoparticles for recognition of Cr 2 O 7 2− were explored by systematic fluorescence titration. The fluorescence quenching data fits into the usual Stern-Volmer equation. A calibration curve constructed by plotting quenching of fluorescence (ΔF) against concentration of Cr (VI) exhibiting a linear fit in the equation, ΔF = 3070x, is used for the estimation of chromium concentration (x). The correlation coefficient value R 2 = 0.998 obtained from curve is nearly equal to 1 indicates linear fit between quenching data and concentration of Cr (VI). The estimated values of limit of detection (LOD) in the method 0.01392 μg.mL −1 is far below the permissible value of Cr (VI) 0.05 μg.mL −1 in drinking water approved by world health organization (WHO) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The proposed method of Cr (VI) detection is applied for real sample collected from hard chrome deposition industry from nearby region. The amount of Cr (VI) estimated by present method is comparable with AAS determination for the same samples.