New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Many additives are commercially used to add more favorable qualities to films. The bleeding process by which the additive in a film comes to the surface is considered. A new bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure was investigated. Solubility and diffusion are found to be important for explaining this bleeding process. The solubilities and diffusion coefficients of higher fatty acid amides such as erucamide (13-cis-docosenamide) and behenamide (docosanamide) were determined between 40 and 70°C and the difference between the solubilities and the diffusion coefficients was discussed. The experimental results are explained more precisely by assuming two transport processes between the crystalline regions and the amorphous ones.

Alcohol Pretreatment to Eliminate the Interference of Micro Additive Particles in the Identification of Microplastics Using Raman Spectroscopy

“…Another possible contribution is the migration of additives directly from the bulk to creep/cover the plastic surface. 22 , 25 , 50 , 58 Our studies showed that an initial prewash of the plastic part/product in ethanol had no substantial effect on the subsequent MAP release, demonstrating that there is facile transport to the surface, consistent with the dominant release of MAPs over MPs. Longitudinal studies will be required to determine the exact profile of the MAP release and whether the level wanes after extended use, beyond the 50 product cycles reported in this work ( Figure 2 B)…”

“…This is consistent with the ability of slip additives to continuously migrate to the surface, even though they are generally blended inside the bulk polymer. 50 …”

“…This is consistent with the ability of slip additives to continuously migrate to the surface, even though they are generally blended inside the bulk polymer. 50 Distinguishing between PE-like MAPs and PE MPs released from PE parent plastics is even more difficult by Raman spectroscopy. Due to their widespread use in MP studies, 32,33,51,52 commercial standard PE pellets were investigated by shaking in DI water (25 °C).…”

Novel Approaches to In-Situ ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging for Real-Time Simultaneous Monitoring Curing Reaction and Diffusion of the Curing Agent at Rubber Nanocomposite Surface

“…The conventional methods of using the curemeter or the DSC were not good enough to detect the mass transfer of curing agent during the curing process. Diffusion behaviors in thermoplastics are generally characterized by the weight of chemical species diffused over the surface [ 27 ]. However, a simultaneous characterization of the reaction and diffusion during the curing process is quite difficult.…”

Study on the Bleeding Mechanism of Slip Agents in a Polypropylene Film using Molecular Dynamics

“…However, there seems to be no satisfactory models for bleeding so far. In previous articles (Wakabayashi et al, 2006(Wakabayashi et al, , 2007a(Wakabayashi et al, , 2007b(Wakabayashi et al, , 2007c, a novel two-step transport model for additives such as slip agents and UV-stabilizers was proposed. It was shown that the bleeding process of additives under atmospheric pressure was explained more precisely by assuming the twostep transport process between the crystalline and amorphous regions.…”