New Bacterial Species Associated with Chronic Periodontitis

Kumar, Purnima; Griffen, Ann L.; Barton, J.A.; Paster, Bruce J.; Moeschberger, Melvin L.; Leys, Eugene J.

doi:10.1177/154405910308200503

Cited by 467 publications

(485 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…2 and 3). Our results corroborate the findings of recent studies suggesting that it is a ubiquitous species that forms a bridge between early and late colonizers during plaque development (11,12). Although higher levels of F. nucleatum have previously been associated with periodontitis in smokers (26), there was no difference in the levels between smokers and quitters in the present study (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The implication of this finding is not clear; while it appears to be logical that smoking cessation influences the subgingival microbiome through several different mechanisms, it is possible that P. gingivalis is metabolically more versatile than P. endodontalis. P. endodontalis is a Gramnegative, obligate anaerobe that has previously been identified in periodontal pockets as well as endodontic infections (12,21,23). This strong temporal association between smoking and the prevalence of P. endodontalis suggests that determining the role of this species in the plaque biofilm could have important implications for monitoring periodontitis in smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of 13 organisms, including some as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes, were assessed at the baseline (when all the patients were still smokers) and at 12 months (when 11 patients were quitters and 11 were smokers) using a nested PCR approach described previously (12). Briefly, the 16S rRNA gene and the intergenic spacer region (ISR) were amplified by PCR with broad-range primers targeted to the 16S and 23S regions of the ribosomal operon (positions 422 and 785).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

et al. 2010

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It has been demonstrated that smoking cessation alters the subgingival microbial profile; however, the response of individual bacteria within this ecosystem has not been well studied. The aim of this investigation, therefore, was to longitudinally examine the effect of smoking cessation on the prevalence and levels of selected subgingival bacteria using molecular approaches for bacterial identification and enumeration. Subgingival plaque was collected from 22 smokers at the baseline and 12 months following periodontal nonsurgical management and smoking cessation counseling. The prevalence and abundance of selected organisms were examined using nested PCR and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry. Eleven subjects successfully quit smoking over 12 months (quitters), while 11 continued to smoke throughout (smokers). Smoking cessation led to a decrease in the prevalence of Porphyromonas endodontalis and Dialister pneumosintes at 12 months and in the levels of Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, and Treponema denticola. Smoking cessation also led to an increase in the levels of Veillonella parvula. Following nonsurgical periodontal therapy and smoking cessation, the subgingival microbiome is recolonized by a greater number of health-associated species and there are a significantly lower prevalence and abundance of putative periodontal pathogens. The results indicate a critical role for smoking cessation counseling in periodontal therapy for smokers in order to effectively alter the subgingival microbiome.It is established that bacterial consortia within the subgingival microbiome play a critical role in the etiology of chronic periodontitis. Although tobacco smoking has been shown to preferentially enrich this microbiome for pathogenic species (26, 29), it is not known if smoking cessation is capable of reversing this pathogenic colonization, since current evidence is based only on cross-sectional comparisons of former and current smokers (10,25). A longitudinal examination of subgingival bacteria following smoking cessation would allow us to determine how the individual bacteria within this ecosystem respond to smoking cessation.We have previously shown, using a cultivation-independent, open-ended approach, that smoking cessation results in a shift in the subgingival microbial profile during recolonization following periodontal therapy (7). In order to identify the individual organisms that contributed to this compositional shift, it is necessary to use a targeted, sensitive, and quantitative approach to measure the levels of these species.Bead-based flow cytometry has recently been used to measure the abundance of target organisms in complex bacterial communities (24,28). This cultivation-independent approach is capable of simultaneously measuring the levels of several organisms, both cultivated and uncultivated. It also has a wide dynamic range; that is, it is capable of quantifying both the less numerous and the numerically dominant members of a microbial community.The goals of the present investigation were to ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

et al. 2010

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“…[2]. Bacteria more present in patients with chronic periodontitis than in periodontally healthy subjects are Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and several others [3]. P. gingivalis a Gram-negative anaerobe bacterium, is considered a key-stone pathogen in developing periodontal disease [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro activity of sodium-hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis

et al. 2016

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2Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of a sodium hypochlorite formulation incl. its components against bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods:Sodium hypochlorite formulation (NaOCl gel), its components sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the activating vehicle were compared with 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution. The antimicrobial activity was proven by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentrations, and killing assays. Furthermore, the influence on formation as well as on a 4-days old 6-species biofilm was tested.Results: Except for one strain (Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270 in case of NaOCl gel) the MICs both of the CHX solution and NaOCl gel did not exceed 10% of the formulations' concentration. In general MICs of the NaOCl gel were equal as of the CHX solution against Gram-negatives but higher against Gram-positive bacteria. CHX but not NaOCl gel clearly inhibited biofilm formation, however the activity of NaOCl gel was more remarkable on a 4-d old biofilm. NaOCl killed bacteria in the biofilm and interfered with the matrix. Conclusions:The NaOCl gel acts antimicrobial in particular against Gram-negative species associated with periodontitis. Moreover, its component NaOCl hypochlorite is able to alter biofilm matrices.Clinical relevance: The NaOCl gel may represent a potential alternative for adjunctive topical antimicrobial treatment in periodontitis

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“…These microorganisms include the red complex, consisting of Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola, and the orange complex, consisting of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies, Fusobacterium periodonticum subspecies, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Micromonas micros (15). While the presence of these putative periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets correlates with clinical measures of periodontal disease, the extremely complex microbial populations in the oral cavity, which include many uncultivable or unnamed species, suggest that additional organisms may be involved (16). Indeed, thanks to recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, Ͼ700 oral bacterial species have now been identified (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis and Alterations in Predicted Functions of the Subgingival Microbiome in Chronic Periodontitis

Kirst

Alfant

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

186

188

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Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium affecting nearly 65 million adults in the United States. Changes in subgingival microbiota have long been associated with chronic periodontitis. Recent culture-independent molecular studies have revealed the immense richness and complexity of oral microbial communities. However, data sets across studies have not been directly compared, and whether the observed microbial variations are consistent across different studies is not known. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the subgingival microbiota in 25 subjects with chronic periodontal disease and 25 healthy controls and compared our data sets with those of three previously reported microbiome studies. Consistent with data from previous studies, our results demonstrate a significantly altered microbial community structure with decreased heterogeneity in periodontal disease. Comparison with data from three previously reported studies revealed that subgingival microbiota clustered by study. However, differences between periodontal health and disease were larger than the technical variations across studies. Using a prediction score and applying five different distance metrics, we observed two predominant clusters. One cluster was driven by Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas and was associated with clinically apparent periodontitis, and the second cluster was dominated by Rothia and Streptococcus in the majority of healthy sites. The predicted functional capabilities of the periodontitis microbiome were significantly altered. Genes involved in bacterial motility, energy metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were overrepresented in periodontal disease, whereas genes associated with transporters, the phosphotransferase system, transcription factors, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were enriched in healthy controls. These results demonstrate significant alterations in microbial composition and function in periodontitis and suggest genes and metabolic pathways associated with periodontal disease. P eriodontal disease is a common disease affecting many adults in the United States. If left untreated, chronic periodontitis (CP) can lead to serious problems such as tooth loss. Indeed, periodontal disease is the number one cause of tooth loss in the United States, accounting for half of all tooth loss in U.S. adults (1). There is considerable evidence that the clinical impact of periodontal disease extends beyond the oral cavity (2). Strong associations have been found between periodontitis and a number of systemic conditions, including cardiovascular disease (3, 4), preterm delivery and low-birth-weight babies (5), diabetes mellitus (6-8), and rheumatoid arthritis (9-11).The activity of periodontal disease is determined by a complex interplay between the immune system and periodontal pathogens (12, 13). Alterations in subgingival microbiota have long been associated with the development and progression of periodontitis (14). In susceptible individuals, perturbations in...

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New Bacterial Species Associated with Chronic Periodontitis

Cited by 467 publications

References 34 publications

Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

In-vitro activity of sodium-hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis

Dysbiosis and Alterations in Predicted Functions of the Subgingival Microbiome in Chronic Periodontitis

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