New Aspects of Ketone Bodies in Energy Metabolism of Dairy Cows: A Review

Holtenius, P.; Holtenius, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00491.x

Cited by 132 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, in our study it was BHBA concentrations that were found to have the strongest genetic correlation with reproductive traits. In the liver, NEFA can be esterified to triglycerides, enter the citric acid cycle, or form ketone bodies (Holtenius and Holtenius, 1996). High rates of ketogenesis and high blood BHBA concentrations can be considered as cow's failure to adapt to negative energy balance (Herdt, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Relationship of Body Energy and Blood Metabolites with Reproduction in Holstein Cows

Oikonomou

Arsenos

Valergakis

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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Body condition score (BCS), energy content (EC), cumulative effective energy balance (CEEB), and blood serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured throughout first lactation in 497 Holstein cows raised on a large commercial farm in northern Greece. All these traits are considered to be indicators of a cow's energy balance. An additional measure of BCS, EC, and blood serum glucose, BHBA, and NEFA concentrations were taken approximately 2 mo (61 ± 23 d) before first calving. During first lactation, first service conception rate, conception rate in the first 305 d of lactation, interval from calving to conception, number of inseminations per conception, incidence of metritis, and incidence of reproductive problems of these cows were recorded; interval between first and second calving, and second lactation first service conception rate were also recorded. Random regression models were used to calculate weekly animal breeding values for first lactation BCS, EC, CEEB, glucose, BHBA, and NEFA. Single trait animal models were used to calculate breeding values for these traits measured on pregnant heifers before calving. Reproductive records were then regressed on animal breeding values for these energy balance-related traits to derive estimates of their genetic correlations. Several significant estimates were obtained. In general, traits that are known to be positively correlated with energy balance (BCS, EC, CEEB, and glucose) were found to have a favorable genetic relationship with reproduction, meaning that increased levels of the former will lead to an enhancement of the latter. On the other hand, traits known to be negatively correlated with energy balance (BHBA and NEFA) were found to have an unfavorable genetic association with reproductive traits. Body condition score, BHBA, and NEFA recorded early in lactation, and glucose concentrations measured in pregnant heifers had the highest genetic correlation with future reproductive performance. Results suggest that genetic selection for body energy and blood metabolites could facilitate the genetic improvement of fertility and overall reproductive efficiency of dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Relationship of Body Energy and Blood Metabolites with Reproduction in Holstein Cows

Oikonomou

Arsenos

Valergakis

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The δ5.5-9.0 region (dashed box) was magnified 10 times relative to the δ0.5-5.5 region for clarity. The samples K 1-15 , K 1-16 , K 2-8 , K [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , and C 8 were removed to achieve a better quality of spectrum and a better suppression effect of the water peak. The data were subsequently analyzed using multivariate statistics (PCA and OPLS-DA).…”

Section: H-nmr Spectroscopy Of Plasma Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two types of ketosis: clinical ketosis and subclinical ketosis, based on the clinical symptoms, e.g., anorexia, depression, decreased milk production, constipation, drowsiness or nervousness [3], and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate acid levels (BHBA, >1.20 mmol/L) [4]. However, Holtenius et al [5] reported that ketosis in dairy cattle is divided into types I and II based on the disease characteristics and clinical features. Type I ketosis, which is mainly attributed to the absence of gluconeogenic precursors, is also termed secondary ketosis, alimentary ketosis, starvation ketosis, and special nutritional deficiency ketosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1H NMR-based Plasma Metabolic Profiling of Dairy Cows with Type I and Type II Ketosis

Li¹

2015

Pharm Anal Acta

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This study identified differences in plasma metabolites among three groups of dairy cows: type I ketotic (K1), type II ketotic (K2), and healthy control cows (C). 50 cows with two or three parities were selected at 7-28 days postpartum. Cows were classified as type I ketotic (K1, 20 cows), type II ketotic (K2, 20 cows), or healthy control cows (C, 10 cows). Plasma metabolomic profiles were analyzed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance technology ( 1 H NMR). The data were processed by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results-The results revealed that OPLS-DA was more effective at distinguishing amongst the three groups. Additionally, there were seven different metabolites between K2 and C, 19 different metabolites between K1 and C, and 24 different metabolites between K1 and K2. Therefore, the combination of 1 H-NMR and multivariate statistical analyses can effectively distinguish the differential metabolites among the K1, K2, and C groups, thereby providing important information on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and prevention of type I and type II ketosis in dairy cows. H NMR-based AbstractThis study identified differences in plasma metabolites among three groups of dairy cows: type I ketotic (K1), type II ketotic (K2), and healthy control cows (C). 50 cows with two or three parities were selected at 7-28 days postpartum. Cows were classified as type I ketotic (K1, 20 cows), type II ketotic (K2, 20 cows), or healthy control cows (C, 10 cows). Plasma metabolomic profiles were analyzed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance technology ( 1 H NMR). The data were processed by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results-The results revealed that OPLS-DA was more effective at distinguishing amongst the three groups. Additionally, there were seven different metabolites between K2 and C, 19 different metabolites between K1 and C, and 24 different metabolites between K1 and K2. Therefore, the combination of 1 H-NMR and multivariate statistical analyses can effectively distinguish the differential metabolites among the K1, K2, and C groups, thereby providing important information on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and prevention of type I and type II ketosis in dairy cows.

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“…Stentz [15] suggested that insulin binding, processing and responsiveness in mitogen-activated T-cells were reflective of the donor's glycemic status and ambient insulin levels in insulin resistant states. A previous investigation has shown that there is reduced sensitivity to insulin in overfed normal periparturient cows [10]. Depression of insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, including the liver, is recognized as a factor that induces fatty liver in dairy cows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Overfeeding during the dry period leads to increased levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) lipolysis in adipose tissues generating a risk of development of fatty liver [10,13]. Decreased insulin sensitivity has been detected in hyperketotic cows with periparturient metabolic disease [8,16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Insulin Reaction of Peripheral Blood T Cells between Healthy Holstein Dairy Cows and JB during the Periparturient Period

Ohtsuka

Kitagawa

Kohiruimaki

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To compare the changes in the insulin reaction of Holstein dairy cows and Japanese Black cows (JB) during the periparturient period, the insulin resistance test in vivo and lymphocytes proliferation with insulin in vitro were performed. Ten healthy Holstein dairy cows (Holstein group) and 10 healthy JB cows (JB group) used in this study were observed on days 60, 40, and 20 before calving and days 7 and 20 after calving. In insulin resistance reaction in vivo and in vitro, a low insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate and lymphocyte proliferation with insulin were observed in the Holstein group compared with the JB group during the experimental period. An analysis of the lymphocytes cultured with insulin showed that the percentage of CD4 + CD45R -T cells in the Holstein group was significantly lower than that of the JB group before day 20. These findings indicate that T cells reaction to insulin in healthy periparturient Holstein cows is lower than that in Japanese Black. KEY WORDS: Holstein dairy cow, Japanese Black, T cell.

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New Aspects of Ketone Bodies in Energy Metabolism of Dairy Cows: A Review

Cited by 132 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic Relationship of Body Energy and Blood Metabolites with Reproduction in Holstein Cows

Genetic Relationship of Body Energy and Blood Metabolites with Reproduction in Holstein Cows

1H NMR-based Plasma Metabolic Profiling of Dairy Cows with Type I and Type II Ketosis

Comparison of the Insulin Reaction of Peripheral Blood T Cells between Healthy Holstein Dairy Cows and JB during the Periparturient Period

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