New aspects of human trichinellosis: the impact of new Trichinella species

Abstract

Trichinellosis is a re-emerging zoonosis and more clinical awareness is needed. In particular, the description of new Trichinella species such as T papuae and T murrelli and the occurrence of human cases caused by T pseudospiralis, until very recently thought to occur only in animals, requires changes in our handling of clinical trichinellosis, because existing knowledge is based mostly on cases due to classical T spiralis infection. The aim of the present review is to integrate the experiences derived from different outbreaks around the world, caused by different Trichinella species, in order to provide a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment.

Zoonotic helminth infections with particular emphasis on fasciolosis and other trematodiases

“…Symptoms are varied (including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, fever and abdominal discomfort) and the severity of the disease is dependent on the dose of infective larvae ingested. Infected individuals can also suffer from heart and breathing problems and in severe cases death can occur (Bruschi & Murrell 2002;Pozio et al 2003). The disease is best treated early with a combination of benzimidazoles and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids such as prednisone (Shimoni et al 2007).…”

Trichinella spiralis : Mere Co-Existence or Carcinogenic Parasite For Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

“…Eosinophils are cytotoxic for newborn larvae in human antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) "invitro" reactions, by releasing the major basic protein, peroxidase or reactive oxygen species; their actual role "invivo" is not clear [7].…”

Ocular system involvement in the course of human trichinellosis. Pathological and diagnostic aspects

“…The known for a long time bidirectional action of eosinophils involves, on one hand, release of enzymes, histaminase and arylsulphatase, which degrade, respectively, histamine and SRS-A, and on the other, eosinophils exert a cytotoxic effect on larvae mediated by their production of toxic superoxides (H 2 0 2 , 0 2 , OH). The phase of biochemical killing of the parasite involves action of eosinophiles-released major basic protein (MBP) and cationic peroxidases, ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) and EP (eosinophil peroxidase) (Wassom and Gleich 1979, McLaren 1980, Kazura and Aikawa 1980, Ruitenberg 1981, Ruitenberg and Buys 1986, Prin and Dubucquoi 1998, Bruschi and Murrell, 2002. Bruschi et al (2008 in the review stressed that eosinophils could, have a protective role in trichinellosis because they are cytotoxic against the newborn larvae in an antibody-dependent cellular system.…”