Trichinella spiralis : Mere Co-Existence or Carcinogenic Parasite For Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Shirazi, Nadia; Bist, Sampan Singh; Ahmad, Sohaib; Harsh, Meena

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/14050.6585

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Seriously, Cyclin D1 is related to the anchorage-independent survival and angiogenesis of tumors, while Fas expression becomes down-regulated, resulting in increased resistance to chemotherapies and hampered apoptosis ( Shintani et al ., 2002 ). Several studies considered the oncogenic capacity of T. spiralis that comes in association with immune modulation ( Babal et al ., 2011 ; Boros et al ., 2019 ; Lichiardopol et al ., 2010 ; Shirazi et al ., 2015 ). In this context, T. spiralis might be regarded as a tumorigenic nematode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection

El Saftawy,

Aboulhoda,

Hassan

et al. 2024

Helminthologia

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Summary The current study assessed the efficacy of Acyclovir (ACV) and Ivermectin (IVM) as monotherapies and combined treatments for intestinal and muscular stages of Trichinella spiralis infection. One-hundred Swiss albino mice received orally 250 ± 50 infectious larvae and were divided into infected-untreated (Group-1), IVM-treated (Group-2), ACV-treated (Group-3), combined IVM+ACV (Group-4), and healthy controls (Group-5). Each group was subdivided into subgroup-A-enteric phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-7 p.i.) and subgroup-B-muscular phase (10 mice, sacrificed day-35 p.i.). Survival rate and body weight were recorded. Parasite burden and intestinal histopathology were assessed. In addition, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial CDX2 in the intestinal phase and CyclinD1 as well as CD34 in the muscular phase were evaluated. Compared, IVM and ACV monotherapies showed insignificant differences in the amelioration of enteric histopathology, except for lymphocytic counts. In the muscle phase, monotherapies showed variable disruptions in the encapsulated larvae. Compared with monotherapies, the combined treatment performed relatively better improvement of intestinal inflammation and reduction in the enteric and muscular parasite burden. CDX2 and CyclinD1 positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and parasite burden, while CD34 showed a negative correlation. CDX2 positively correlated with CyclinD1. CD34 negatively correlated with CDX2 and CyclinD1. IVM +ACV significantly ameliorated CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions compared with monotherapies. Conclusion. T. spiralis infection-associated inflammation induced CDX2 and CyclinD1 expressions, whereas CD34 was reduced. The molecular tumorigenic effect of the nematode remains questionable. Nevertheless, IVM +ACV appeared to be a promising anthelminthic anti-inflammatory combination that, in parallel, rectified CDX2, CyclinD1, and CD34 expressions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection

El Saftawy,

Aboulhoda,

Hassan

et al. 2024

Helminthologia

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“…Association of Trichinella spiralis larvae in squamous cell carcinoma in a 37 year old male patient suffering from painless ulcer in the right buccal mucosa and presented to the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand was reported (Shirazi et al 2015). Presence of encysted larvae was observed in tissue biopsy.…”

Section: Trichinellosis In Indiamentioning

confidence: 93%

Present status of trichinellosis - a neglected zoonosis in India

Ram

Garg

Banerjee

et al. 2018

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Trichinellosis is a meat-borne helminthic zoonosis, caused by different species of the genus Trichinella. The disease is cosmopolitan in distribution and affects around 10,000 people annually around the globe. Based on genetic, biochemical and biological variability, 9 valid species (T. britovi, T. murrelli, T. nativa, T. nelsoni, T. papuae, T. patagoniensis, T. pseudospiralis, T. spiralis and T. zimbabwensis) and 3 genotypes (Trichinella T6, T8 and T9) of the parasite have been recognized. These species infect around 100 mammalian species including domestic and wild pigs, horses, game animals and wild carnivores. The infection starts with consumption of raw or undercooked meat or meat products containing encysted muscle larvae of the parasite. Most of the infections or outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of meat or meat products of pigs, wild boars, horses, crocodiles, walruses and dogs. Trichinoscopy is used in the veterinary inspection of pork in slaughterhouses and meat-packing facilities in many countries. It is a rapid process, but low in sensitivity and fails to detect mild infection. The muscle digestion method using HCl-pepsin is more sensitive and thus preferred. Recent outbreak of trichinellosis in Uttarakhand state opened up issues related to rapid diagnosis and lack of consumer awareness regarding safe cooking habits of meat of pig origin. This status report is an attempt to compile the information on Trichinella spp. infection in animals and humans in India at one place to draw the attention of medical and veterinary personnels involved in disease investigation and active research on zoonotic diseases.

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“…Until an outbreak of human trichinellosis in the year 2011, there was only one documented case of trichinellosis from India in women with a history of pork consumption [17]. Only a few sporadic outbreaks from a hilly state of Uttaranchal between 2009 and 2011 [18], a rare case of human trichinellosis with pyomyositis and secondary osteomyelitis from PGIMER, Chandigarh [19], a case of trichinellosis associated miscarriage [20] and T. spiralis associated squamous cell carcinoma from Dehradun have been reported recently [21], which all were linked to the history of consumption of pork of wild boar or pork products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella spp. in Slaughtered Pigs of India: From Neglected Disease to an Emerging Food Safety Threat for Public Health

Kalambhe,

Kaur,

Gill

2024

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Background. In India, Trichinella nematode worm remains highly neglected due to the paucity of research. Recent trichinellosis outbreaks in humans associated with pork meal in north India have highlighted an emerging food safety concern due to this neglected parasite. Aim. This study aimed to ascertain the existence of Trichinella species and to identify them in slaughtered pigs intended for human consumption in the Punjab and Uttaranchal regions of North India. Materials and Methods. A total of 1,194 slaughter pig tongue samples were screened in 239 pools using the double separatory funnel method for recovery of Trichinella larvae. The species of recovered larvae were confirmed by multiplex PCR assay and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to ascertain the closest lineage. Results. This study reported 3.77% and 1.26% Trichinella positivity in pooled and individual pig samples, respectively. Pigs slaughtered in Punjab reported higher positivity (1.73%) than pigs in Uttaranchal (0.81%). Among all places, Jalandhar recorded highest positivity of 5.66%, followed by 2.22% in Nainital and 0.8% in Patiala, whereas none of the pig samples from Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Kashipur, Haridwar was positive. Molecular confirmation by PCR and sequencing confirmed the recovered Trichinella larvae as T. britovi and T. nelsoni. Conclusion. Trichinella parasite remained highly neglected in India; however, the detection of sylvatic Trichinella species in pigs intended for human consumption indicated the emergence of zoonotic foodborne risk at wild animal-domestic pig and human interfaces. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting T. britovi and T. nelsoni in pigs of North India. Trichinella positivity in slaughtered pigs is an early alarm for the emergence of foodborne risk from this neglected parasitic worm. Considering the importance of pigs as a source of meat and their role as a reservoir for Trichinella raised the food safety concern that warrants strict meat inspection and extensive studies on neglected parasites in India.

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Trichinella spiralis : Mere Co-Existence or Carcinogenic Parasite For Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection

ACV with/without IVM: a new talk on intestinal CDX2 and muscular CD34 and Cyclin D1 during Trichinella spiralis infection

Present status of trichinellosis - a neglected zoonosis in India

Trichinella spp. in Slaughtered Pigs of India: From Neglected Disease to an Emerging Food Safety Threat for Public Health

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