New Aspects of Copper Electrode Metamorphosis in Perovskite Solar Cells

Udalova, Natalia N.; Nemygina, Elizaveta; Zharenova, Elena A.; Tutantsev, Andrei S.; Sudakov, Alexander A.; Grishko, Aleksei Y.; Belich, Nikolai A.; Goodilin, Eugene A.; Tarasov, Alexey B.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06608

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[99] The electrochemical reactions between halide species and metallic electrodes can lead to the formation of insulating decomposition byproducts at the interface and the addition of excess halide vacancies and extrinsic metal defects to the perovskite layer. [99] It is well known that commonly used noble and transition metal electrodes (e.g., Ag, [100][101][102] Au, [103] Cu, [104,105] Al, [88,89] etc.) react with halide perovskites and introduce metallic impurities, [87] which are a significant source of intrinsic device degradation under operation.…”

Section: Benefits For Long-term Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

2021

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PV technologies need to advance further in terms of a substantial increase in PV module power generation, reduction in module prices, and improvement in long-term reliability, eventually realizing low levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) that are compatible with standard electricity prices in the energy market. The PV industry's future development necessitates increased attention to emerging techniques with the potential to achieve high power generation at low costs.Increasing the power output per unit area of solar panels at low additional manufacturing costs is crucial for further lowering the PV-generated electricity price. One of the simplest and inexpensive strategies for increasing the power output density of a solar panel is to harvest reflected and diffuse sunlight from the ground by employing bifacial designs. The concept of bifacial solar cells can date back to the 1960s, but the momentum to bring bifacial solar panels to the market has been gradually realized in the last decade as one of the latest technological advances in PV manufacturing. [4] The mainstream crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV module manufacturers are now producing bifacial silicon solar modules based on different cell technologies. The trend shows that bifacial solar cells and modules are increasingly important in today's PV market and may soon become the cost-effective PV standard. [5] Unlike c-Si solar cells, efficient bifacial designs have not been demonstrated in commercial inorganic thin-film PV technologies because the polycrystalline inorganic thin films suffer from short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination, limiting their bifacial PV performance. Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have generated great interest in the PV research and industry, owing to their fast-growing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), [6] outstanding optoelectronic properties, [7] ease of production, [8] low estimated manufacturing costs, [9] and readiness to take steps toward commercialization. [10] Within a decade, PSCs have rapidly evolved from a newcomer to a leading competitor to rival other established PV technologies.The development of PSCs opens up a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells. Figure 1 depicts the bifacial architecture for PSCs, summarizes the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites that enable high bifacial performance, and highlights the advantages of bifacial Bifacial solar cells hold the potential to achieve a higher power output per unit area than conventional monofacial devices without significantly increasing manufacturing costs. However, efficient bifacial designs are challenging to implement in inorganic thin-film solar cells because of their short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination. The emergence of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) technology creates a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells, owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and unique features of device physics. More importantly, transparent cond...

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Section: Benefits For Long-term Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

2021

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“…Despite the aforementioned advantages there are very few reports pertain to use of Cu as the top contact in perovskite PVs. [18,20,21,[25][26][27][28][29] Those that do show that the initial performance is comparable to that using a Ag electrode [21] and that the device shelf-life can exceed that of identical devices using a Ag electrode, [18] although initial device performance is rarely a good indicator of stabilized device performance under continuous illumination and load. Similarly a long shelf-life does not necessarily translate to high operational stability, since some degradation mechanisms of metal halide perovskites are light and heat and electric field induced and/or accelerated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics Using a Bathocuproine—Copper Top Electrode

Wijesekara

Walker

Han

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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with a useful lifetime of decades. Tin perovskites also offer narrower bandgaps than their lead analogues, enabling a greater proportion of the solar spectrum to be harvested. [4] The Achilles' heel of tin perovskites for PV applications is their higher susceptibility to oxidation in air which stems from the tendency of Sn 2+ to convert to the more thermodynamically stable +4 oxidation state upon exposure to ambient air. [5] The intrinsic resistance of the device stack to air ingress dictates the degree of packaging required for practical applications, and thus the packaging cost, so there is a need to identify ways to make tin perovskite PVs more intrinsically stable. [1,2] Strategies to achieving this goal include making the perovskite more stable by compositional engineering or defect passivation [6] and/or making the other

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“…For the treatment with C = 7.5 mg/mL, the grain size almost doubled (Figure a, Figure S3), preserving the phase purity of the films (Figure S4). The increase of the grain size originates from the effect of liquid-assisted film recrystallization enhanced in our case by liquid polyiodides , formed on the surface of a perovskite film by the iodine treatment by minimization of the surface energy on grain boundaries. ,− An increase in iodine concentration up to 10 mg/mL promoted the recrystallization further leading to even larger grains (Figure b, Figure S3); however a PbI 2 phase appeared after 5 min the treatment (Figure S4). In contrast, recrystallization in toluene iodine solution was less prominent even at a concentration four times higher ( C = 30 mg/mL) than in decane, while a further increase of iodine concentration ( C = 40 mg/mL) led to formation of PbI 2 after 2 min (Figure c,d, Figure S5, Figure S6).…”

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confidence: 84%

Iodine Solution Treatment in Nonpolar Solvents as a Facile Approach to Improve the Morphology and Photostability of Perovskite Films

Voronin

Grishko

Finkelberg

et al. 2022

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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We propose a new, simple, and easily implemented approach to improve the morphology of thin films of lead halide perovskites. A key feature of the approach is the controllable size increase of perovskite grains facilitated by polyiodides formed on the surface of the perovskite upon its treatment with iodine solutions in nonpolar solvents with the best results obtained for iodine solution in toluene saturated with MAI. Such a treatment demonstrated an increase in the average grain size of the films of up to 3.5 times in approximately 2 min followed by significantly enhanced photostability.

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New Aspects of Copper Electrode Metamorphosis in Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

Enhanced Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics Using a Bathocuproine—Copper Top Electrode

Iodine Solution Treatment in Nonpolar Solvents as a Facile Approach to Improve the Morphology and Photostability of Perovskite Films

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