Enhanced Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics Using a Bathocuproine—Copper Top Electrode

Wijesekara, Anuradha V.; Walker, Marc; Han, Yisong; Walker, David; Huband, Steven; Hatton, Ross A.

doi:10.1002/aenm.202102766

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…43 ). The only variation is the degradation of the Ag electrodes by the corrosive gas emanating from the decomposed perovskite, consistent with the results reported by Hatton et al 64 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-chain anionic surfactants enabling stable perovskite/silicon tandems with greatly suppressed stress corrosion

et al. 2023

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Despite the remarkable rise in the efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells, the stress-induced intrinsic instability of perovskite active layers is widely identified as a critical hurdle for upcoming commercialization. Herein, a long-alkyl-chain anionic surfactant additive is introduced to chemically ameliorate the perovskite crystallization kinetics via surface segregation and micellization, and physically construct a glue-like scaffold to eliminate the residual stresses. As a result, benefiting from the reduced defects, suppressed ion migration and improved energy level alignment, the corresponding unencapsulated perovskite single-junction and perovskite/silicon tandem devices exhibit impressive operational stability with 85.7% and 93.6% of their performance after 3000 h and 450 h at maximum power point tracking under continuous light illumination, providing one of the best stabilities to date under similar test conditions, respectively.

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“…43 ). The only variation is the degradation of the Ag electrodes by the corrosive gas emanating from the decomposed perovskite, consistent with the results reported by Hatton et al 64 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-chain anionic surfactants enabling stable perovskite/silicon tandems with greatly suppressed stress corrosion

et al. 2023

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“…The stability of the champion control device is in close agreement with that reported previously for devices with the same structure, fabricated in the same way in the same laboratory, but using a different batch of chemicals. [ 6 ] For the champion device with a Bi layer, η peaks after 35 hours and then degrades to 70% of the peak value (t 70 ) only after a further 100 h testing. Remarkably, 100% of the peak η is retained for 16 h before the onset of degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Air Stable Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics using a Bismuth Capped Copper Top Electrode

et al. 2023

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An effective approach is reported to enhance the stability of inverted organo‐tin halide perovskite photovoltaics based on capping the cathode with a thin layer of bismuth. Using this simple approach, unencapsulated devices retain up to 70% of their peak power conversion efficiency after up to 100 h testing under continuous one sun solar illumination in ambient air and under electrical load, which is exceptional stability for an unencapsulated organo‐tin halide perovskite photovoltaic device tested in ambient air. The bismuth capping layer is shown to have two functions: First, it blocks corrosion of the metal cathode by iodine gas formed when those parts of the perovskite layer not protected by the cathode degrade. Second, it sequesters iodine gas by seeding its deposition on top of the bismuth capping layer, thereby keeping it away from the electro‐active parts of the device. The high affinity of iodine for bismuth is shown to correlate with the high polarizability of bismuth and the prevalence of the (012) crystal face at its surface. Bismuth is ideal for this purpose, because it is environmentally benign, non‐toxic, stable, cheap, and can be deposited by simple thermal evaporation at low temperature immediately after deposition of the cathode.

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“… Crystal structure. The crystal structure plays a critical role in stabilizing tin perovskite, as it affects the defect formation energy and band alignment. ,,,− Mixing different cations in the perovskite structure has been shown to decrease the crystal strain and increase the defect formation energy, leading to improved stability. ,,− Recent studies have demonstrated that adding larger organic cations, such as guanidinium, , azetidinium, or imidazolium, to the perovskite precursor solution can enhance the stability and increase the defect formation energy. Introducing bulky organic cations with heteroatoms can also affect the crystal formation energy, leading to improved stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Opportunities in Lead-Free and Lead–Tin Perovskites for Environmentally Viable Photodetector Applications

et al. 2023

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In modern society, photodetectors (PDs) have permeated virtually all areas of human life, from home appliances to space exploration. This versatility generates a high demand for photodetectors. It is attributed to their ability to detect signals spanning a broad spectrum of wavelengths while possessing advantageous mechanical properties such as light weight, flexibility, and low cost. Metal halide perovskites (PSKs) have recently emerged as effective photodetectors because their detection range extends from the visible spectrum to the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum through the adjustment of the chemical composition. In addition to having notable successes in photovoltaic applications, perovskites have gained attention in photodetector applications due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Incorporating toxic Pb offsets the desirability of such a high performance as the main component of perovskites. This issue was addressed by replacing Pb with relatively nontoxic Sn to retain the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites. To promote the continued advancement of perovskites with reduced toxicity, we provide a comprehensive overview of current research on Sn and Sn−Pb mixed perovskites, emphasizing crystal structures, optoelectronic properties, synthesis, and modification methods. We then highlight exemplary applications of Sn and Sn−Pb perovskites through detailed introductions. Simultaneously, current challenges and respective solutions to the development of Sn perovskites are discussed in this Review. This Review concludes with a novel outlook on future research directions for Sn-rich perovskite photodetectors as potential candidates for enhancing light signal detection technologies. We explain how this enhancement enables performance comparable to that of commercially available crystalline Si and III−V photodetectors.

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Enhanced Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics Using a Bathocuproine—Copper Top Electrode

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Long-chain anionic surfactants enabling stable perovskite/silicon tandems with greatly suppressed stress corrosion

Long-chain anionic surfactants enabling stable perovskite/silicon tandems with greatly suppressed stress corrosion

Highly Air Stable Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics using a Bismuth Capped Copper Top Electrode

Emerging Opportunities in Lead-Free and Lead–Tin Perovskites for Environmentally Viable Photodetector Applications

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