New approaches to improve cycle life characteristics of lithium–sulfur cells

Jung, Yongju; Kim, Seok

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.09.013

Cited by 164 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This cathode capacity is an order of magnitude higher than that of Li-insertion compound oxide cathodes used in the current Li-ion technology. [ 3 ] Coupled with the operating voltage of 2.15 V versus Li + /Li 0 , the theoretical energy density of Li-S batteries reaches 2600 W h kg −1 , a value which is 3-5 times higher than that of current commercial Li-ion batteries. [ 2,3 ] Further advantages of Li-S batteries include the relatively low cost of sulfur owing to its natural abundance and the relatively low ecological impact of sulfur due to its environmentally benign nature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Stable Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Microporous Carbon Nanofiber Filter for Polysulfide

Chung

Han

Singhal

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

266

203

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factors, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries. Typical Li-S cells are assembled with an Li metal as the anode and active sulfur as the cathode with a separator and an electrolyte in between. Under cell discharging, lithium ions from the Li-metal anode travel across the cell and react with active sulfur to form Li polysulfi des (Li 2 S x , x = 4-8) in the active-sulfur cathode. Subsequently, the polysulfi de intermediates convert to the discharge product, lithium sulfi de (Li 2 S). Upon cell charging, lithium ions are plated back onto the anode while the Li 2 S converts back to S 8 . The overall electrochemical reaction (16Li + S 8 = 8Li 2 S) involves two electrons per sulfur. [ 2 ] Sulfur cathodes based on the S 0 ↔ S 2− electrochemical conversion have a high theoretical capacity (1672 mA h g −1 ). This cathode capacity is an order of magnitude higher than that of Li-insertion compound oxide cathodes used in the current Li-ion technology. [ 3 ] Coupled with the operating voltage of 2.15 V versus Li + /Li 0 , the theoretical energy density of Li-S batteries reaches 2600 W h kg −1 , a value which is 3-5 times higher than that of current commercial Li-ion batteries. [ 2,3 ] Further advantages of Li-S batteries include the relatively low cost of sulfur owing to its natural abundance and the relatively low ecological impact of sulfur due to its environmentally benign nature. [ 2,3 ] However, despite these promising attributes, the prototypical Li-S battery suffers from (i) the insulating nature of the active material and (ii) the diffusion of soluble polysulfi de intermediates. [ 3a-c , 4 ] The fi rst scientifi c challenge, the low electronic and ionic conductivity of the active material, causes poor redox accessibility and hence leads to low electrochemical utilization. [ 4d,e ] The second scientifi c challenge, the polysulfi de diffusion, results from the dissolution of the highly soluble polysulfi des into the liquid electrolyte currently used in Li-S batteries. Without effective constraints, the dissolved polysulfi des diffuse out readily from the cathode, penetrating through the separator and reacting detrimentally with the Limetal anode. [ 3c , 5 ] This is the main cause for the irreversible loss of the active material and for the unfavorable polysulfi de shuttle As a primary component in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, the separator may require a custom design in order to facilitate electrochemical stability and reversibility. Here, a custom separator with an activated carbon nanofi ber (ACNF)-fi lter coated onto a polypropylene membrane is presented. The entire confi guration is comprised of the ACNF fi lter arranged adjacent to the sulfur cathode so that it can fi lter out the freely migrating polysulfi des and suppress the severe polysulfi de diffusion. Four differently optimized ACNF-fi lter-coated separators have been developed with tunable micropores as an investigation into the electrochemical and engineering design param...

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Stable Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Microporous Carbon Nanofiber Filter for Polysulfide

Chung

Han

Singhal

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

266

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Despite significant progress over the past two decades, inadequate cycle life and rate capability of Li-S batteries, which have been considered to be strongly related to the insulating nature of sulfur and the high solubility of long chain polysulfides, are slowing down their practical implementation. 1,2 To address these issues, a strategy of using sulfur composites combined with a conducting agent as the active material, instead of pure sulfur, has attracted a great deal of interest, leading to the proposal of a large number of sulfur composites with carbon or conducting polymers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Koh

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This work presents a new insight into the reduction mechanism of solid sulfur during the first step of cell discharge, that is, a 2.4 V plateau in Li-S batteries, by testing a specially designed cell with the solid sulfur electrically isolated from the carbon cathode and comparing it with a conventional cell. Importantly, the cell with the electrically isolated sulfur particles confined between two separators shows very normal operation even during the first cycle and provides the same result as a conventional cell after several cycles. Based on the controlled potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments, we propose a reasonable reaction route: a portion of the electrically isolated solid sulfur (S 8 ) is dissolved in the electrolyte solution to form sulfur molecules, which can be electrochemically reduced to polysulfides on the carbon surface.

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“…UV-visual spectroscopy of soluble polysulfides solutions at initial discharging to 2.35 V (D235), 2.05V (D215) and 1.50 V (D150), respectively. Table 3, it can be seen that polysulfides dissolving in the electrolyte in the initial discharges to 1.5 V are S increase and other polysulfide decreases in the electrolyte, there is a reduction in the intensity of the absorption peak as the discharge state changes from 2.05 V to 1.5 V, and S − 3 has good stability in the solution [27]. We can infer that a series of chemical reactions in the system should eventually generate mostly S With knowledge of the structure of AB/S and armed with the results discussed above, one may deduce the nature of the chemical reactions taking place in the charge-discharge process of S electrodes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylene Black/Sulfur Composites Synthesized by a Solution Evaporation Concentration Crystallization Method and Their Electrochemical Properties for Li/S Batteries

Tan

Wang

et al. 2013

Energies

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Abstract:A novel technique to prepare carbon/sulfur composites as cathode materials for Li/S batteries is proposed, which we call the 'solution evaporation concentration crystallization' method. Three composites with different S loadings were prepared, subject to two different solvent evaporation rates from acetylene black (AB)/sulfur in carbon disulfide solutions. X-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements all show that the porous AB structure is well-filled with S. Composites prepared at a lower solvent evaporation rate with 50 wt % S content, had good electrochemical properties, with 1609.67 mAh g after 100 cycles. Composites with better dispersibility at a low solvent evaporation rate can effectively prevent polysulfide from dissolving in the electrolyte, and serve to stabilize the structure of the S cathode during the charge-discharge process.

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New approaches to improve cycle life characteristics of lithium–sulfur cells

Cited by 164 publications

References 18 publications

Electrochemically Stable Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Microporous Carbon Nanofiber Filter for Polysulfide

Electrochemically Stable Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Microporous Carbon Nanofiber Filter for Polysulfide

Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Sulfur Particles Electrically Isolated from Carbon Cathodes of Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Acetylene Black/Sulfur Composites Synthesized by a Solution Evaporation Concentration Crystallization Method and Their Electrochemical Properties for Li/S Batteries

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