New Approaches to Dermatological Conditions Employing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate in vitro into diverse cell lineages and secrete different bioactive molecules with trophic, paracrine and immunomodulatory functions. On the other hand, skin inflammation may be a sign of allergic, autoimmune, or infectious conditions and it is observed in several diseases such as atopic dermatitis, cutaneous graft versus host disease, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and systemic sclerosis. Traditional therapies for these skin diseases are not completely effective and have potential systemic adverse events. Consequently, new safer therapies need to be developed, being MSCs a value alternative. Due to the lack of knowledge on MSCs mode of action, animal models of disease help to discern their mechanism of immunoregulation and improve their safety after their application. The literature supports that MSCs act by a paracrine via by using anti-inflammatory cytokines targeting specifically those cells involved in the inflammation of immune-regulated diseases. Consequently, MSCs reduce the excessive immune responses and protect the adjacent tissues.

Application of Cell-Based Therapies in Veterinary Dermatology

“…It is a multifactorial disease that can be caused by genetic factors, B cell hyperactivity, T cell defects, virally induced antigen-antibody complex formation, and even hormonal alterations [57]. The cutaneous inflammation is due to Th1 cells, neutrophils, B cells, and even complex cascades of native skin cell types (keratinocytes and endothelial cells) [58]. The conventional treatment options consist in the use of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide.…”