New approaches in clinical chemistry: on-line analyte concentration and microreaction capillary electrophoresis for the determination of drugs, metabolic intermediates, and biopolymers in biological fluids

Guzman, Norberto A.; Park, SungAe S.; Schaufelberger, Daniel; Hernández, Luis; Páez, Ximena; Rada, Pedro; Tomlinson, Andy J.; Naylor, Stephen

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00275-2

Cited by 111 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 315 publications

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“…Besides, the resulting CE waste is safe for the environment, while HPLC produces large amounts of organic solvent waste, and GC volatile compounds, that are sometimes toxic which pollute the environment [3]. All these advantages convert CE as almost ideal for the analysis of numerous endogenous and exogenous substances present in biological fluids [4,16,17].…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresis (Ce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, CE has been extensively used as a separation technique in the pharmaceutical industry [4,17,49,57,58], and in the clinical chemistry modern laboratory [59][60][61][62][63]. This success is due to, its quick analysis time, low costs, small sample volume convenient for microdialysates and capillary blood samples, the versatility to resolve different molecules and high resolution power [16].…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Clinical and Forensic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

Páez

Hernández

2001

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-efficiency analytical technique that has had a great impact as a tool in biomedical research, clinical and forensic practice in the last ten years. Only in one of the applications, the DNA analysis, it has had an explosive exponential growth in the last few years. This impact is expressed in an enormous amount of CE articles and many reviews. The CE advantages with respect to other analytical techniques: the required very small sample volume, rapid analysis, great resolution power and low costs, have made this technique ideal for the analysis of a numerous endogenous and exogenous substances present in biological fluids. The different modes of CE have been coupled to different detection techniques such as UV-absorbance, electrochemical, mass spectrometry and laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) to detect different nature and molecular size separated analytes. This review focuses mostly on the applications of CE-LIFD, to measure drugs and endogenous neuroactive substances such as amino acids and monoamines, especially in microdialysis samples from experimental animals and humans. CE-LIFD trends are discussed: automated faster analysis with capillary array systems, resolution power improvement, higher detection sensitivity, and CE systems miniaturization for extremely small sample volume, in order to make CE easier and affordable to the lab bench or the clinical bed.

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Section: Capillary Electrophoresis (Ce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmaceutical Clinical and Forensic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

Páez

Hernández

2001

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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“…Early reports used a small volume of solvent that was flushed through the SPE column under pressure to elute the analytes [9,[12][13][14]20]. The solvent plug was stopped just after the SPE column and when the voltage was applied, various stacking approaches were employed to focus the analytes into a sharp band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconcentration and frontal electroelution of amino acids for in-line solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis

Breadmore

2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A new frontal electroelution approach that can be used for the preconcentration of amino acids in in-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) has been developed. A single capillary was employed featuring a short monolithic SPE column created inside the capillary via photo-initiated, free-radical polymerisation of 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate monomers. A weak electrolyte of dilute H 2 SO 4 , pH 2.9, was found to promote adsorption of the amino acids onto the SPE column. Elution of the amino acids was achieved using a dual solvation/ion-exchange transient boundary mobilised via EOF by using a strong electrolyte containing 62.5 mM ethylenediamine, pH 2.9 with H 2 SO 4 and 40% (v/v) acetonitrile. Using these two electrolytes, tryptophan was adsorbed onto the SPE column in weak electrolyte and eluted via a frontal electroelution mechanism in the strong electrolyte. Injections up to 20 min, corresponding to over 14 column volumes (or 1400% of the capillary volume) of sample provided quantitative extraction of tryptophan from the weak electrolyte and were eluted without any loss in efficiency. This represents a practical increase of approximately 300-fold when compared to a typical hydrodynamic injection occupying 5% of the capillary volume.

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“…With improving methods of ionization, the development of micro-and nano-ionspray, as well as improvement of the detection limits of mass spectrometers, sensitivity is less of an issue, allowing CE-MS coupling that gives satisfactory results [27,28]. Consequently, CE appears to be on its way to a broader use in clinical analysis [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical diagnostic purposes

2005

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Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical diagnostic purposesThe introduction of fast, sensitive, and robust techniques for proteomic analysis into clinical practice represents a major step toward a new diagnostic approach of body fluids. In addition, proteomics emerges as a key technology for the discovery of disease biomarkers in various body fluids. However, even in relatively protein-deprived body fluids such as urine, the complexity and wide dynamic range of protein expression pose a considerable challenge to both separation and identification technologies. In the present review we discuss from a clinical point-of-view recent advances of the use of proteomics in clinical diagnosis as well as therapy evaluation. We focus on capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and discuss CE-MS from an application point of view evaluating its merits and vices with regard to biomarker discovery. This review further presents examples of clinical applications of CE-MS for detection and identification of biomarkers in urine. IntroductionIt is well appreciated for centuries that body fluids contain information on the "internal" environment, i.e., the function of tissues and organs, which can be used as a gauge for the well being of the organism. Although this concept was created by Hippocrates more than 2000 years ago, standardized clinical laboratory tests were not developed before the 20th century. Moreover, a systematic discovery of biomarkers was made possible only with the discovery of antibodies and their use in immunological assays such as radioimmuno assay (RIA), ELISA, etc. Their increasing use enabled detection and quantification of distinct molecules -mainly peptides and proteins -in various body fluids. However, these techniques were limited by their requirement of prior knowledge of the molecule and a specific probe. New functional proteomic approaches appeared to circumvent these limitations. Spurred by advances in MS it was hoped that proteomics would allow the analysis of thousands of peptides and proteins in one sample [1][2][3][4][5][6], but several obstacles turned up soon. The high complexity and wide dynamic range of peptides in body fluids required pre-MS separation techniques that offer high resolution and could cope with a wide dynamic range of peptide concentrations [3]. Further, suitable software for interpretation of a vast number of generated MS spectra as well as comparison of the data was a major challenge [7].The approach towards solving most of these problems was to reduce data complexity, for example by arbitrarily collecting data on only a few polypeptides and also to reduce resolution of the analysis instrument. Both were accomplished with the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) technology -a complex solution of analytes was allowed to interact with an active surface (ion-exchange, hydro-

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New approaches in clinical chemistry: on-line analyte concentration and microreaction capillary electrophoresis for the determination of drugs, metabolic intermediates, and biopolymers in biological fluids

Cited by 111 publications

References 315 publications

Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

Preconcentration and frontal electroelution of amino acids for in-line solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical diagnostic purposes

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