New Approaches for Very Short-term Steady-State Analysis of An Electrical Distribution System with Wind Farms

Abstract

Distribution networks are undergoing radical changes due to the high level of penetration of dispersed generation. Dispersed generation systems require particular attention due to their incorporation of uncertain energy sources, such as wind farms, and due to the impacts that such sources have on the planning and operation of distribution networks. In particular, the foreseeable, extensive use of wind turbine generator units in the future requires that distribution system engineers properly account for their impacts on the system. Many new technical considerations must be addressed, including protection coordination, steady-state analysis, and power quality issues. This paper deals with the very short-term, steady-state analysis of a distribution system with wind farms, for which the time horizon of interest ranges from one hour to a few hours ahead. Several wind-forecasting methods are presented in order to obtain reliable input data for the steady-state analysis. Both deterministic and probabilistic methods were considered and used in performing deterministic and probabilistic load-flow analyses. Numerical applications on a 17-bus, medium-voltage, electrical distribution system with various wind farms connected at different busbars are presented and discussed.

Optimal scheduling of a microgrid with demand response resources

“…In fact, concerning the type of information that characterises the DG's predicted power, two forecasting approaches can be used, that is, deterministic and probabilistic forecasting. In deterministic forecasting, a single value of power is provided, whereas, in probabilistic forecasting, the output value is accompanied by information on its random characterisation [24]. It also is important to note that, if the DG is to have the capability of controlling voltages, a specified value of the DG node voltage also must be assigned [25].…”

Very Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting: State-of-the-Art

“…Bracale and his collaborators presented a very short-term (1 h to a few hours ahead) steadystate analysis of an electrical distribution system with wind farms [139]. They used various deterministic (e.g., persistence and generalized) and probabilistic (e.g., Bayesian and Markov) wind prediction methods to perform load-flow analyses.…”

A Static Voltage Security Region for Centralized Wind Power Integration—Part II: Applications

“…One of the major reasons for this is the lack of coordinated voltage/reactive power control [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. A number of techniques have been investigated to maintain the voltage within a specified range and improve the system stability for a single wind farm [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”