“…The nature of the nonlinearity in the ACM filter makes it suitable to deal with spread-spectrum GPS signals. The nonlinearities take the form of a soft decision feedback, which seeks to remove the GPS signal from the estimation of the narrowband interference [24]. The order p, AR model of the narrow band interference is depicted in Eq.…”
Section: Acm Filtermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adaptive filtering based methods like adaptive notch filters [15][16][17][18], Kalman filter [19], neural network based predictors [19,20], approximate conditional mean (ACM) filter [21,22] and augmented state ACM (ASACM) filter [23,24] are formed based on jamming estimation in frequency domain or time domain. These techniques can be implemented easily in GPS digital signal processors (DSPs) and therefore, they are applicable.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ASACM filter computational complexity increases exponentially in the cases of multi-tone CWI rejection. Also this filter must be combined with a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) filter to overcome jamming attacks with jammer to signal power ratio (JSR) more than 35 dB [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the notch filters, a zero is placed on a unit circle with a phase equal to the jammer instantaneous frequency (IF) to perfectly remove the jamming [15].…”
This paper proposes a new method for jamming suppression in the global positioning system (GPS) receivers. The proposed mitigation technique is based on cascading the adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter and the approximate conditional mean (ACM) filter. Adaptive FIR filter puts a notch at the interference frequency, but it causes self-noise in presence of high power jammers. ACM filter is an effective filter for estimating the jamming with known autoregressive process model parameters. However, its performance is degraded in the cases of high power interferences. Cascading these two filters has two advantages: first, collaboration of these two filters can help removing high power jammers. Second, the depth of notch can be limited by a threshold in presence of high power jammers to prevent self-noise effect. In such a case, the ACM filter can help to remove the remaining jamming effects on GPS signal. The performance of proposed method is analyzed in presence of single and multiple continuous wave interferences. Experimental results show the benefits of proposed method on terms of signal to noise power ratio improvement and mean square error compared to previous methods.
“…The nature of the nonlinearity in the ACM filter makes it suitable to deal with spread-spectrum GPS signals. The nonlinearities take the form of a soft decision feedback, which seeks to remove the GPS signal from the estimation of the narrowband interference [24]. The order p, AR model of the narrow band interference is depicted in Eq.…”
Section: Acm Filtermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adaptive filtering based methods like adaptive notch filters [15][16][17][18], Kalman filter [19], neural network based predictors [19,20], approximate conditional mean (ACM) filter [21,22] and augmented state ACM (ASACM) filter [23,24] are formed based on jamming estimation in frequency domain or time domain. These techniques can be implemented easily in GPS digital signal processors (DSPs) and therefore, they are applicable.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ASACM filter computational complexity increases exponentially in the cases of multi-tone CWI rejection. Also this filter must be combined with a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) filter to overcome jamming attacks with jammer to signal power ratio (JSR) more than 35 dB [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the notch filters, a zero is placed on a unit circle with a phase equal to the jammer instantaneous frequency (IF) to perfectly remove the jamming [15].…”
This paper proposes a new method for jamming suppression in the global positioning system (GPS) receivers. The proposed mitigation technique is based on cascading the adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter and the approximate conditional mean (ACM) filter. Adaptive FIR filter puts a notch at the interference frequency, but it causes self-noise in presence of high power jammers. ACM filter is an effective filter for estimating the jamming with known autoregressive process model parameters. However, its performance is degraded in the cases of high power interferences. Cascading these two filters has two advantages: first, collaboration of these two filters can help removing high power jammers. Second, the depth of notch can be limited by a threshold in presence of high power jammers to prevent self-noise effect. In such a case, the ACM filter can help to remove the remaining jamming effects on GPS signal. The performance of proposed method is analyzed in presence of single and multiple continuous wave interferences. Experimental results show the benefits of proposed method on terms of signal to noise power ratio improvement and mean square error compared to previous methods.
“…(Progri 2016, [1]; , [2]; Lachapelle et al 2003, [3]; Progri 2003, [4]). 2010 [11]; Deergha and Swamy 2006 [12]; Fante and Vaccaro 2000 [13]; Amin et al 2004 [14]); the novel signal detection schemes (Huang et al 2013 [15]; Huang and Pi 2009 [16]; Mahani et al 2003 [17]); multi-user detection acquisition and tracking (Progri et al 2005 [18]; Progri et al 2009 [19]).…”
Indoors, GNSS signal encounters severe multipath power loss and fading which leads to significant signal degradation of the amplitude and phase to perform GPS (or GNSS) signal acquisition. To overcome these effects, piling up received GPS (or GNSS) data is a traditional (or conventional) method; however, it exhibits two shortcomings (drawbacks or limitations): instable detection performance, such as the probability of false alarm (PFA) fluctuates due to changes of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); and elongated acquisition time caused by extended accumulation duration and over repetitive FA occurrence (or "penalty"). To overcome the first shortcoming, an adaptive structure is employed in GNSS signal acquisition that enables constant FA rate (CFAR) criteria to guarantee a stable detection performance on the GNSS signal acquisition. To overcome the second shortcoming, an adaptive determination on accumulation length is employed to minimize the accumulation duration; therefore, a double-dwell structure (DDS) is used to reduce the processing time "penalty" caused by FA. Simulation results illustrate that an adaptive, stable detection implementation and DDS reduce the average acquisition time by almost fifty percent (or by half or a factor of two).
“…In recent years, several techniques have been proposed to reject GPS interference signals, such as minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beamforming [6], subspace projection methods [7], spatial amplitude and phase estimation for smart jammers [8], a cascade of the augmented-state approximate conditional mean filter and the discrete wavelet transform [9], and a square-root extended Kalman filter (SREKF) algorithm [10]. However, most of these approaches require information about the GPS signal direction-of-arrival (DOA) and an antenna model, and thus are susceptible to DOA estimation errors and array imperfections.…”
SUMMARYThe Global Positioning System (GPS) utilizes low-power spread-spectrum signals and thus is vulnerable to various types of high-power interference sources. It requires at least four satellites for estimating threedimensional user positions and the receiver clock bias. In this paper, we propose a blind adaptive GPS receiver that is based on a new despreader and the one-stage constant modulus (CM) array. The despreader consists of a conventional GPS despreader and a so-called null despreader, which together modify the received signal so that the CM array can extract the GPS signal of interest. The beamformer not only rejects jammers and extracts the GPS signal of interest without explicit direction-of-arrival (DOA) information of any of the signals but also it has a low computational complexity compared with conventional techniques, such as minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beamforming. As a conventional despreader can recover only one GPS signal, multiple despreaders are usually required for separating multiple GPS signals. We also explore an extension of the proposed null despreader to detect multiple GPS signals. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the receiver for different types of jammer signals.
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