, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of the publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, or similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. This paper presents the complete original definition of first generation Variable Binary Offset Carrier VBOC1(α) generalized multidimensional geolocation modulation waveforms, to improve the standardization of the United States DoD GPS, European Galileo, Russian GLONASS, Chinese Compass, Indian IRNSS in the L-band (1-2 GHz), and the United Nations International Telecommunications Union (ITU) GNSS or geolocation waveforms in the S-band (2-4 GHz) and C-band (4-8 GHz). In the paper it is argued that the selection of BOC(1,1) on the GPS L1 civil data code and BOC(10,5) (or the military code or M-Code) on both GPS L1 and L2 frequencies is entirely arbitrary because BOC modulation is a special case of for or ; hence, all the current state-of-the-art GNSS waveforms exhibit sub-optimal signal design performance even at the end-user when generalized global objective functions are applied. pure signal design or broad definition of generalized autocorrelation function (ACF) and power spectral density (PSD) offers a unique signal design methodology and provides the necessary framework for ACF pure signal optimization to fill in substantial signal design gaps; hence, improving the GNSS signal design and standardization.

Recently we proposed an acquisition process for a maximum-likelihood GPS receiver that considers the joint processing of all GPS satellite waveforms. The resulting estimator was shown to provide an elegant solution to the near -far problem and to perform better than the suboptimal sliding-correlator estimator. However, the proposed acquisition model included only the code search, which estimates just the time of arrival (TOA) between a GPS satellite and a maximum-likelihood GPS receiver. In this paper we enhance the acquisition process by including the estimation of Doppler along with the estimation of the TOA, which results in a two-dimensional Doppler and code search. A maximum-likelihood GPS receiver would require only one front-end hardware section for processing all GPS signals in view, thus simplifying the entire architecture of a GPS receiver. An assessment based on theoretical performance and simulation results indicates that a maximum-likelihood GPS receiver can achieve an order-of-magnitude performance improvement relative to a sliding-correlator GPS receiver. Simulation data will be validated in the near future using GPS acquisition data from the Novatel ProPack AG-G2ϩDB9-RT2, and the results of this work will be presented in a future publication.

Bayesian estimation techniques are applied to the problem of time and frequency offset estimation for Global Positioning System receivers. The estimation technique employs Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to estimate unknown system parameters, utilizing a novel, multi-dimensional, Bayesian, global optimization strategy for initializing a Metropolis-Hastings proposal distribution. The technique enables the design of a high performance multi-user GPS receiver, capable of overcoming the near-far problem when the relative signal power is on the order of 5 dB (single antenna element) and 20 dB (4 antenna element array) and providing dramatically improved performance over conventional matched filter techniques against interference and jamming when the relative jammer and satellite signal power is on the order of 20 dB (4 antenna element array).

The signal structure performance of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code division multiple access (CDMA) frequency division multiple access (FDMA) pseudolite indoor communication and localization (geolocation) system is presented and discussed in this paper. The signal structure of a DSSS‐FCDMA (or C‐CDMA) pseudolite indoor geolocation system appears to elegantly solve the near‐far problem when subject to a slowly varying frequency‐selective Rayleigh fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise and Doppler shift, which is the main obstacle of a DSSS‐CDMA pseudolite indoor geolocation system at roughly equal transmitter and post radio frequency (RF) receiver complexity. Based on our theoretical analysis and simulation results, it appears that FCDMA (or C‐CDMA) signal structure may be a suitable candidate for indoor geolocation to achieve 3D centimeter level position accuracy and 3D centimeter‐per‐second level velocity accuracy 99.9% of the time.

An OFDM/FDMA (or spectralized UWB) indoor geolocation system uses a profile for the configuration of the bandwidth allocation, which determines which portions of the spectrum can and cannot be allocated.