New and emerging trends in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that affects 10% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults in the US. Symptoms often result in sleeplessness, psychological stress, poor self-esteem, anxiety, and poor school or work performance. The cost of atopic dermatitis is estimated to be US$0.9 to 3.8 billion every year. Topical steroids are first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis, and recent advances in vehicle technologies have resulted in improved patient tolerability and compliance. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are also safe and effective topical treatments for atopic dermatitis, and provide an additional therapeutic option for patients with this disease. Systemic immunomodulators are used in the treatment of severe refractory disease. Cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and interferon gamma have been used in the management of severe atopic dermatitis. This review highlights the current and emerging trends in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Basophils and allergic inflammation

“…However, these treatments are associated with a wide range of both local and systemic side effects of particular concern in children 138 . Although there are no therapies designed to specifically target basophils, there are a number of therapeutics that target pathways common to both basophils and other hematopoietic cells.…”

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung Epidermis Extract Inhibits Mite Antigen-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Regulating the Th1/Th2 Balance and Expression of Filaggrin

“…25 Although topical steroids (corticosteroids) or calcineurin inhibitors are the current standard treatment for severe AD, the use may be limited by potentially serious adverse effects. 26 Further research is needed to develop new treatments for patients suffering from AD. Therefore, natural product-based agents with a transcriptional mode of action, good efficacy, and low risk Total RNA was prepared from the skin lesions of NC/Nga mice treated with EPJ, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed.…”

Efficacy of topical azathioprine and betamethasone versus betamethasone-only emollient cream in 2-18 years old patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial

“…[ 29 ] Although some side effects such as toxicity are claimed to be dose-dependent and could be reduced by individualized adjustments to TPMT activity levels, the benefits of AZT may not appear until 2–3 months after treatment onset and this prohibits its short-term prescription. [ 15 19 31 ]…”