New and Emerging Energy Sources for Implantable Wireless Microdevices

Kim, Albert; Ochoa, Manuel; Rahimi, Rahim; Ziaie, Babak

doi:10.1109/access.2015.2406292

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are three primary methods for powering an implanted device: employing a battery, harvesting energy from the environment, and delivering power transcutaneously via a wireless power transmitter [125], [126]. A natural first choice would be a battery, as they have been extensively used in other implantable applications such as pacemakers.…”

Section: A Poweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-Integrated High-Density Electrocortical Interfaces

Akinin

Park

et al. 2017

Proc. IEEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: A Poweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-Integrated High-Density Electrocortical Interfaces

Akinin

Park

et al. 2017

Proc. IEEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, implantable systems can be too invasive in some scenarios. In this regard, the need for an adequate and reliable power supply can represent a critical limitation for implantable neuroprostheses [3], especially in neuromuscular stimulators, which demand miniaturization and power in the order of the mW. These two features partially drive their expansion in clinical applications [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of 2 mm Thick Microcontrolled Injectable Stimulators Based on Rectification of High Frequency Current Bursts

Becerra-Fajardo

Schmidbauer

Ivorra

2017

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Existing implantable stimulators use powering approaches that result in stiff and bulky systems or result in systems incapable of producing the current magnitudes required for neuromuscular stimulation. This hampers their use in neuroprostheses for paralysis. We previously demonstrated an electrical stimulation method based on electronic rectification of high frequency (HF) current bursts. The implants act as rectifiers of HF current that flows through the tissues by galvanic coupling, transforming this current into low frequency current capable of performing neuromuscular stimulation. Here we developed 2 mm thick, semi-rigid, injectable and addressable stimulators made of off-the-shelf components and based on this method. The devices were tested in vitro to illustrate how they are powered by galvanic coupling. In addition they were tried in an animal model to demonstrate their ability to perform controlled electrical stimulation. The implants were deployed by injection into two antagonist muscles of an anesthetized rabbit and were addressed resulting in independent isometric contractions. Low frequency currents of 2 mA were delivered by the implants. The HF currents are safe in terms of unwanted electrostimulation and tissue heating according to standards. This indicates that the proposed electrical stimulation method will allow unprecedented levels of miniaturization for neuroprostheses.

show abstract

“…The figure shows the general trend that RF is relatively low power outputs and best for near-surface implants, near-field gives high power outputs for near-surface implants, but is relatively large and ultrasound gives high power outputs even for deeply implanted small sensors. Moradi et al 2013 [80] Ahn and Ghovanloo 2016 [81] Sauer et al 2004 [82] Parramon et al 1997 [83] O'Driscoll et al 2009 [84] Kim et al 2015 [85] Tsai et al 2011 [86] Song et al 2015 [87] Charthad et…”

Section: Mechanical Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Power Design for Future Wearable and Implantable Devices

Lundager

Zeinali

Tohidi

et al. 2016

JLPEA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the fast progress in miniaturization of sensors and advances in micromachinery systems, a gate has been opened to the researchers to develop extremely small wearable/implantable microsystems for different applications. However, these devices are reaching not to a physical limit but a power limit, which is a critical limit for further miniaturization to develop smaller and smarter wearable/implantable devices (WIDs), especially for multi-task continuous computing purposes. Developing smaller and smarter devices with more functionality requires larger batteries, which are currently the main power provider for such devices. However, batteries have a fixed energy density, limited lifetime and chemical side effect plus the fact that the total size of the WID is dominated by the battery size. These issues make the design very challenging or even impossible. A promising solution is to design batteryless WIDs scavenging energy from human or environment including but not limited to temperature variations through thermoelectric generator (TEG) devices, body movement through Piezoelectric devices, solar energy through miniature solar cells, radio-frequency (RF) harvesting through antenna etc. However, the energy provided by each of these harvesting mechanisms is very limited and thus cannot be used for complex tasks. Therefore, a more comprehensive solution is the use of different harvesting mechanisms on a single platform providing enough energy for more complex tasks without the need of batteries. In addition to this, complex tasks can be done by designing Integrated Circuits (ICs), as the main core and the most power consuming component of any WID, in an extremely low power mode by lowering the supply voltage utilizing low-voltage design techniques. Having the ICs operational at very low voltages, will enable designing battery-less WIDs for complex tasks, which will be discussed in details throughout this paper. In this paper, a path towards battery-less computing is drawn by looking at device circuit co-design for future system-on-chips (SoCs). dynamic power consumption, which means that a great deal of the power spent, is wasted solely on heat generation [1]. This can be dealt with by further researching cooling and packaging in order to avoid overheating the circuits; however, this is an expensive and time limited solution, so this paper addresses methods to generally reduce the overall power consumption of the systems.Since the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, a new focus has been made on making smart phones, smart watches, tablets etc. even smaller whilst increasing the computation power. And with the recent interest in the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) [2], the focus has moved from just increasing the computation power to also creating extremely compact, ultra low power designs that enable small sensors and actuators to operate independently of wired data connections and external power sources. Especially for implanted sensors, the size restriction is crucial for the bio-compatibility and therefore, ...

show abstract

New and Emerging Energy Sources for Implantable Wireless Microdevices

Cited by 68 publications

References 54 publications

Silicon-Integrated High-Density Electrocortical Interfaces

Silicon-Integrated High-Density Electrocortical Interfaces

Demonstration of 2 mm Thick Microcontrolled Injectable Stimulators Based on Rectification of High Frequency Current Bursts

Low Power Design for Future Wearable and Implantable Devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About