New alternatives for Chagas' disease control

Filho, A. M. Oliveira

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761984000500022

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…However, these initial doses are not maintained on treated surfaces for more than few months (Oliveira Filho 1984, Gorla, 1991, Pinchin et al 1994, Ferro et al 1995, Rojas de Arias et al 1999, Oliveira Filho et al 2000. The persistence of residual effect on different surfaces varies according to application procedures, the nature of the structure, the formulation, the species of triatomines involved, and the environmental conditions (Oliveira Filho 1984, Diotaiutti & Teixeira Pinto 1991, Rojas de Arias 1999, Oliveira Filho et al 2000, Rojas de Arias et al 2003, Nakagawa et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insecticide application in infested houses leads to high triatomine mortality rates. Early post-spraying evaluations generally reveal zero apparent infestation rates for the first few weeks, but this may be followed by a slow and steady rise in the number of bugs and the proportion of re-infested houses (Oliveira Filho 1984,1992,1999, Schofield 1985, Paulone et al 1988, Gurtler et al 1994. Recrudescence in the infestation rates is an important problem for control campaigns because retreatment costs can considerably increase the budget of control programmes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It was long argued that long-term control of domestic triatomines required the development of highly residual formulations of insecticides (WHO 2002). Wettable powder and highly residual slow-release formulations such as insecticidal paints based on various polymer matrices such as latex (Schofield & Pinchin 1979, Schofield 1982, Oliveira Filho 1984. Nevertheless, this assumption is difficult to sustain because organochlorines such as BHC and dieldrin are more stable than pyrethroids (Leahey 1985) and for this reason the use of organochlorines is now restricted because of the risk of environmental contamination (Van Den Bosch 1978) In Paraguay, as elsewhere in Latin America, rural dwellings include a range of construction materials presenting a wide variety of substrates for insecticide action.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pyrethroid insecticide evaluation on different house structures in a Chagas disease endemic area of the Paraguayan Chaco

Arias

Lehane

Schofield

et al. 2004

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Insecticide effects of deltamethrin 2.5% SC (flowable solution) on different substrates and triatomine infestation rates in two indigenous villages (Estancia Salzar and Nueva Promesa) of the Paraguayan Chaco are reported. This field study was carried out to determine the extent to which variability in spray penetration may affect residual action of the insecticide. A total of 117 houses in the two villages were sprayed. Filter papers discs were placed on aluminium foil pinned to walls and roofs in selected houses and the applied insecticide concentration was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The target dose rate was 25 mg a.i./m². The mean actual applied dose in Estancia Salazar was 11.2 ± 3.1 mg a.i./m² in walls and 11.9 ± 5.6 mg a.i./m² in roofs while in Nueva Promesa, where duplicates were carried out, the mean values were 19.9 ± 6.9 mg a.i./m² and 34.7 ± 10.4 mg a.i./m² in walls and 28.8 ± 19.2 mg a.i./m² and 24.9 ± 21.8 mg a.i./m² in roofs. This shows the unevenness and variability of applied doses during spraying campaigns, and also the reduced coverage over roof surfaces. However, wall bioassays with Triatoma infestans nymphs in a 72 h exposure test showed that deposits of deltamethrin persisted in quantities sufficient to kill triatomines until three months post spraying. Knockdown by deltamethrin on both types of surfaces resulted in 100% final mortality. A lower insecticidal effect was observed on mud walls. However, three months after treatment, sprayed lime-coated mud surfaces displayed a twofold greater capacity (57.5%) to kill triatomines than mud sprayed surfaces (25%). Re-infestation was detected by manual capture only in one locality, six months after spraying

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pyrethroid insecticide evaluation on different house structures in a Chagas disease endemic area of the Paraguayan Chaco

Arias

Lehane

Schofield

et al. 2004

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…A campanha brasileira tem usado BHC, piretróides e fosforados (Malathion R), até aqui sem problemas deste tipo 36 2. A resposta aos inseticidas é diferente para a mesma espécie de triatomíneo dentro das casas e no peridomicílio.…”

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Perspectivas de controle da doença de Chagas no Brasil

Dias¹

1986

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Recebido para publicação em 20/11/85. INTRODUÇÃOA doença de Chagas humana origina-se basicamente do contato homem-triatomíneo ao nível domiciliar e, mais recentemente, em parcela menor mas não pouco significativa, da transmissão direta do Trypanosoma cruzi homem a homem, via transfusional. Os fatores destas interações apresentam condicionantes múltiplos, dentre os quais se destacam aqueles de natureza sócio-econômica e culturais 22,43,44 . Trata-se de uma enfermidade metaxênica, primitivamente uma enzootia silvestre ampla e difusamente dispersa em toda a América Latina, Na doença humana, os elementos bioecológicos são decisivamente influenciados pelo contexto social, essencialmente problemas enraizados no confronto das classes, no modelo político, nas relações de produção 9 22,43 . No que tange à implantação e expansão da endemia chagásica, tais determinantes são fundamentais num modelo teórico-explicativo que pretenda, em suma, identificar perspectivas de controle 8,12,43 .A paisagem geral das áreas gásicas, hoje, demarca-se precisamente pelos padrões sociais das populações: um espectro de pobreza, de más condições de vida e educação, uma frágil organização política, a doença coexistindo com a fome, a tuberculose, o analfabetismo e as enfermidades de veiculação hídrica, frutos de causas comuns 22 Ao lado disto, a questão concreta de milhões de chagási-cos, em toda a área endêmica, uma parcela significativa já minada pela cardiopatia crônica, inexorável redutora da expectativa de vida. Em tal contexto emerge o controle como ponto crucial, que permeia a própria caracterização do social dos países onde a doença incida, resultante direta, também, dos modelos político-sociais vigentes, numa dependência extremamente desvantajosa desses povos com relação ao primeiro mundo 16 .Uma análise de controle da doença de Chagas envolve múltiplos aspectos e abordagens. A solução completa e defi-

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“…They include having householders use fumigant canisters and having spray teams use latex-base insecticidal paints. These methods have been proved to be effective not only in reducing vector densities but also in reducing or interrupting domestic transmission and the incidence of infection in countries that include Argentina and Brazil (16)(17)(18)(19). Housing improvement programs have also shown good results 5 , and they have the advantage of promoting community participation and also improving the living standards of the population (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

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Insecticidal paint and fumigant canisters for Chagas' disease control: community acceptance in Honduras

Montes¹,

Ponce²,

Ponce³

et al. 1999

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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This study assessed public acceptance for two new vectorial control techniques for Chagas' disease: insecticidal paint and fumigant canisters. The study compared the two with traditional fenitrothion insecticide spraying. An experimental field study was performed in an endemic area of central Honduras from August to November 1992, a year after the initial application of the treatments. The objectives of the study were to determine the acceptability of the tools on the part of the population whose homes were treated, and on the part of the personnel applying the treatments. The sample size was drawn up according to a uniform protocol applied in six Latin American countries. For this study a total of 651 persons were surveyed in 15 rural communities. Along with the surveys, focus groups were used to collect information to learn the reasons for accepting or rejecting particular treatments. The survey was done with heads of households. Focus groups were done with heads of households and also with the field operators who applied the treatments. The research showed that insecticidal paint had a low level of community acceptance (28.8%). Field operators strongly disliked the paint because of problems with its transport, application, unpleasant smell, and very low effectiveness against triatomines and pest insects. The traditional insecticide was more acceptable to the community (93.9%) and to the field operators, especially for its strong effect against the triatomines and pest insects. The results showed that in order to increase the public acceptance for insecticidal paint, it would be necessary to make the paint easier to transport and apply and to increase its effectiveness. Because of their very low effectiveness, fumigant canisters did not represent an acceptable alternative for triatomine vector control. A public educational effort should be a component of any new control method developed.

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New alternatives for Chagas' disease control

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Pyrethroid insecticide evaluation on different house structures in a Chagas disease endemic area of the Paraguayan Chaco

Pyrethroid insecticide evaluation on different house structures in a Chagas disease endemic area of the Paraguayan Chaco

Perspectivas de controle da doença de Chagas no Brasil

Insecticidal paint and fumigant canisters for Chagas' disease control: community acceptance in Honduras

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