New Alkaloids and Polyketides from the Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO41015

Abstract

The sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO41015 cultured on solid rice medium yielded twenty-one compounds (1–21), including two new alkaloids (1 and 2) and one new pyrone derivative (3). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D/2D NMR data and HR–ESI–MS. Their absolute configurations were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison of the experimental with reported specific rotation values. Compound 16 exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against the human gastric cancer cells MGC803, with IC50 value of 5.19 μM. Compounds 9 and 18 showed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively, both with MIC values of 57 μg/mL. Furthermore, compound 16 displayed potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus with an MIC value of 3.75 μg/mL.

Marine Anthraquinones: Pharmacological and Toxicological Issues

“…Emodin is isolated from different marine-derived fungal species, such as the coral-derived Aspergillus tritici and the sponge-derived Penicillium sp. and Neosartorya fischeri [ 28 , 55 , 56 ]. Marine-derived emodin was tested on different solid cancer models.…”

“…Marine-derived emodin was tested on different solid cancer models. In gastric MGC803 cancer cells, emodin showed a much stronger cytotoxicity (concentration reducing cell viability by 50% (IC 50 ): 5.19 μM)) [ 56 ] compared to other solid tumors (i.e., ovarian, lung, and hepatocellular), where the IC 50 values were almost 4- to 6-fold higher [ 28 ] ( Table 1 ). However, Tan and colleagues found that in another gastric cell line (SCG7901) emodin 200 μg/mL (740 μM) decreased cell proliferation of only 32.7% after 72 h, thus showing much lesser activity [ 55 ].…”

Comprehensive Overview on the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Selected Alkaloid Producing Marine-Derived Fungi as a Valuable Reservoir of Drug Entities

“…All the compounds except quinolactacin E (172) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity versus six human cancer cells as well as their antibacterial behavior against five pathogenic bacteria. None of the tested compounds showed inhibitory potential when examined at concentrations of 5 µM in the preliminary screening [ 48 ]. In addition eight new alkaloids comprising meleagrin B–E (177–180), roquefortine F–I (181–184), and two previously isolated compounds meleagrin (185) as well as roquefortine C (186) were isolated from Penicillium species isolated from deep ocean marine sediment.…”

Apoptotic Activity of New Oxisterigmatocystin Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus nomius NC06

“…In recent years, sponge-derived fungi have drawn increasing attention as a rich source of interesting bioactive marine natural products [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Many fungi associated with marine sponges produce interesting secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, polyketides, and terpenoids [6][7][8][9].…”

“…In recent years, sponge-derived fungi have drawn increasing attention as a rich source of interesting bioactive marine natural products [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Many fungi associated with marine sponges produce interesting secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, polyketides, and terpenoids [6][7][8][9]. This has encouraged many researchers to explore more bioactive compounds from marine sponge-derived fungi, potentially used as antimicrobials or as anticancer drugs and against other diseases [9][10][11][12][13].…”