Sponge-derived fungi have attracted recent attention due to its important source of interesting biologically active compounds. In our previous study, we have obtained 13 fungi from marine sponge Neopetrsiachaliniformis. Among them, only Aspergillus nomius NC06 showed cytotoxic activity with the percentage of viability113.9 % and 70.31 % of Vero cell and WiDr colon cancer cell, respectively. This study aimed to isolate the cytotoxic compound from the ethyl acetate extract of N. nomius NC06 using chromatography method. A total of 5 fractions of the extract obtained using vacuum liquid chromatography. These fractions were tested against HCT 116 colon cancer cell and ten human pathogenic bacteria. Fraction II, III, IV, and V showed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 of 5. 28, 15.82, 10.27, and 45.57 µg/mL, respectively. In antibacterial testing, fraction II and III were potential because of their ability to inhibit the growth of ten pathogenic bacteria with the diameter of inhibition zone more than 12 mm.
Sponge-derived fungi have recently attracted attention as an important source of interesting bioactive compounds. Aspergillus nomius NC06 was isolated from the marine sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis. This fungus was cultured on rice medium and yielded four compounds including three new oxisterigmatocystins, namely, J, K, and L (1, 2, and 3), and one known compound, aspergillicin A (4). Structures of the compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity against HT 29 colon cancer cells, where compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited IC50 values of 6.28, 15.14, and 1.63 µM, respectively. Under the fluorescence microscope by using a double staining method, HT 29 cells were observed to be viable, apoptotic, and necrotic after treatment with the cytotoxic compounds 1, 2, and 4. The result shows that compounds 1 and 2 were able to induce apoptosis and cell death in HT 29 cells.
Abstract. Handayani D, Artasasta MA, Safira N, Ayuni DF, Tallei TE, Hertiani T. 2020. Fungal isolates from marine sponge Chelonaplysilla sp.: Diversity, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Biodiversitas 21: 1954-1960. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity of fungi associated with marine sponges Chelonaplysilla sp. and their bioactivities. Fungal isolation was carried out by the multilevel dilution method in Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Twelve fungal isolates were successfully purified, then cultivated using rice for 4-6 weeks at room temperature and subsequently extracted using ethyl acetate. Antimicrobial activities of the fungal extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by using the agar diffusion method. The extracts of isolates Ch05 and Ch12 showed a significant antagonistic effect against S. aureus and E. coli with the diameter that ranged from 15 to 17 mm. Using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT), six fungal extracts revealed cytotoxic activity with LC50 <100 µg/mL. Isolate Ch10 was the most potential fungus with the strong cytotoxic activity of LC50 of 0.90 µg/mL. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted also for six potential fungal extracts against breast cancer cell (T47D). The isolate Ch05 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 83.69 µg/mL. The molecular identification was carried out for potential fungi using the ITS marker. The results showed that Ch02 was Aspergillus oryzae, Ch05 was Phomompsis sp., Ch06 was Penicillium simplicissimum, Ch10 was B. bassiana and Ch12 was Aspergillus mellinus. This study concluded that fungal isolates from marine sponge Chelonaplysilla sp. can be explored further for new sources of antimicrobial and anticancer compounds.
Investigation of the chemical constituent and antibacterial activity of Diaporthe amygdali SgKB4, an endophytic fungal strain isolated from the West Sumatran mangrove plant Sonneratiagriffithii Kurz led to the isolation of compound 1. The isolation of compound 1 was achieved by column chromatography with step gradient polarity (SGP) method and purification by recrystallization. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data. Based on IR, 1D, and 2D-NMR, as well as MS data, the isolated compound is cytochalasin H. This compound showed mild antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report on the isolation of cytochalasin H from the endophytic fungus D.amygdali.
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