Abstract:Neutrophils are innate immune cells involved in the elimination of pathogens and can also induce adaptive immune responses. Nα and Nβ neutrophils have been described with distinct in vitro capacity to generate antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses. However, how these cell types exert their role in vivo and how manipulation of Nβ/Nα ratio influences vaccine-mediated immune responses are not known. In this study, we find that these neutrophil subtypes show distinct migratory and motility patterns and different a… Show more
“…This hybrid population expresses markers of both neutrophils (Ly6G) and DCs (CD11c, MHC‐II, CD80 and CD86) and exhibits properties reserved for these individual cell types such as probing motion, antigen presentation and extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps and bactericidal properties via cathelicidin production [ 76 , 77 ]. Importantly, neutrophils not only function as APCs for CD4 + T cells but also present antigen to CD8 + T cells [ 45 , 78 ]. The role of neutrophil‐derived cathelicidin in regulating T‐cell responses is further demonstrated in a recent paper by Minns et al [ 72 ].…”
Section: The Cross‐talk Between Neutrophils and T Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further investigation into the role of neutrophil granule contents in controlling T‐cell responses in pregnancy is warranted. Another mechanism utilized by neutrophils to promote T‐cell activation is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [ 45 , 78 ]. NETting neutrophils were in fact shown to promote priming of CD4 + T cells, increasing their expression of CD25 and CD69 and lowering their activation threshold.…”
Section: The Cross‐talk Between Neutrophils and T Cellsmentioning
The immunology of pregnancy has been the focus of many studies to better understand how the mother is able to tolerate the presence of a semi‐allogeneic fetus. Far from the initial view of pregnancy as a state of immunosuppression, successful fetal development from implantation to birth is now known to be under the control of an intricate balance of immune cells. The balance between pro‐inflammatory functions used to promote embryo implantation and placental development and immunosuppressive activity to maintain maternal tolerance of the fetus is an immunological phenotype unique to pregnancy, which is dependent on the time of gestation. Neutrophils are one of a host of innate immune cells detected at the maternal–fetal interface, but very little is known of their function. In this review, we explore the emerging functions of neutrophils during pregnancy and their interactions with and regulation of T cells, a key adaptive immune cell population essential for the establishment of fetal–maternal tolerance.
“…This hybrid population expresses markers of both neutrophils (Ly6G) and DCs (CD11c, MHC‐II, CD80 and CD86) and exhibits properties reserved for these individual cell types such as probing motion, antigen presentation and extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps and bactericidal properties via cathelicidin production [ 76 , 77 ]. Importantly, neutrophils not only function as APCs for CD4 + T cells but also present antigen to CD8 + T cells [ 45 , 78 ]. The role of neutrophil‐derived cathelicidin in regulating T‐cell responses is further demonstrated in a recent paper by Minns et al [ 72 ].…”
Section: The Cross‐talk Between Neutrophils and T Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further investigation into the role of neutrophil granule contents in controlling T‐cell responses in pregnancy is warranted. Another mechanism utilized by neutrophils to promote T‐cell activation is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [ 45 , 78 ]. NETting neutrophils were in fact shown to promote priming of CD4 + T cells, increasing their expression of CD25 and CD69 and lowering their activation threshold.…”
Section: The Cross‐talk Between Neutrophils and T Cellsmentioning
The immunology of pregnancy has been the focus of many studies to better understand how the mother is able to tolerate the presence of a semi‐allogeneic fetus. Far from the initial view of pregnancy as a state of immunosuppression, successful fetal development from implantation to birth is now known to be under the control of an intricate balance of immune cells. The balance between pro‐inflammatory functions used to promote embryo implantation and placental development and immunosuppressive activity to maintain maternal tolerance of the fetus is an immunological phenotype unique to pregnancy, which is dependent on the time of gestation. Neutrophils are one of a host of innate immune cells detected at the maternal–fetal interface, but very little is known of their function. In this review, we explore the emerging functions of neutrophils during pregnancy and their interactions with and regulation of T cells, a key adaptive immune cell population essential for the establishment of fetal–maternal tolerance.
“…Neutrophils, which are important innate cells involved in the clearance of acute bacterial and viral infections, may help activate APCs, NK cells, and T cells [32] , [33] . To evaluate whether neutrophil activation is increased or decreased by C—S/M treatment, we next assessed neutrophil activation in CTX-injected mice following pre-treatment with C—S/M.…”
“…They were named Nα and Nβ, with Nβ being larger, more lobulated, and more segmented than Nα. Both of these neutrophil populations have been described to have an in vitro capacity to generate antigen-specific CD8 + T cell responses after recruitment by cytokines associated with the pro-inflammatory environment following infection [138]. However, Nβ were observed to be more mobile and showed a greater capacity to act as an APC to activate virus-specific CD8 T cells [138].…”
Section: Protective Effects Of Neutrophil Subsets During Anti-viral D...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both of these neutrophil populations have been described to have an in vitro capacity to generate antigen-specific CD8 + T cell responses after recruitment by cytokines associated with the pro-inflammatory environment following infection [138]. However, Nβ were observed to be more mobile and showed a greater capacity to act as an APC to activate virus-specific CD8 T cells [138]. They also expressed higher concentrations of the epitope-expressing molecule MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD11, CD80, and CD86 than Nα, further supporting their enhanced ability to act as APCs compared to Nα [137,138].…”
Section: Protective Effects Of Neutrophil Subsets During Anti-viral D...mentioning
Evidence suggests that neutrophils exert specialized effector functions during infection and inflammation, and that these cells can affect the duration, severity, and outcome of the infection. These functions are related to variations in phenotypes that have implications in immunoregulation during viral infections. Although the complexity of the heterogeneity of neutrophils is still in the process of being uncovered, evidence indicates that they display phenotypes and functions that can assist in viral clearance or augment and amplify the immunopathology of viruses. Therefore, deciphering and understanding neutrophil subsets and their polarization in viral infections is of importance. In this review, the different phenotypes of neutrophils and the roles they play in viral infections are discussed. We also examine the possible ways to target neutrophil subsets during viral infections as potential anti-viral treatments.
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