Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation

Faurschou, Mikkel; Borregaard, Niels

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2003.09.008

Cited by 925 publications

(888 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…When media with Ca 2C was used, neutrophils readily responded to stimulants and the MPO exocytosis was detectable within 1e5 min. This finding is in agreement with studies conducted on human, bovine and seabream neutrophils [12,13,15,16,30]. Cytochalasin B has been reported to be necessary for primary granule exocytosis in bovine, human, and gilthead seabream neutrophils in response to stimulants [16,30,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

Palić

Andreasen

Menzel

et al. 2005

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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A direct, rapid, quantitative colorimetric assay to determine neutrophil primary granule degranulation was adapted for use with fathead minnow kidney neutrophils. The assay measures the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3,30,5,50-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. The assay was validated by comparing the total myeloperoxidase content of neutrophil populations obtained from adult cattle, as a known positive, and fish; evaluating the effects of calcium ionophore (CaI), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), aqueous solution of b-glucan (MGAQ) and zymosan (Z) with and without cytochalasin B (cyto B) as stimulants of degranulation; determining the kinetics of primary granule exocytosis and detecting changes in degranulation when fish were exposed to stress and anaesthesia with MS-222. The MPO assay detected MPO activity in fathead minnow neutrophils that correlated to neutrophil numbers, confirmed that degranulation was increased when CaI was used compared to other stimulants, determined degranulation peak at 60 min and confirmed decreased degranulation after exposure to handling and crowding stress, with and without MS-222. Therefore, the MPO assay is capable of detecting important differences that may occur in degranulation of fathead minnow kidney neutrophil primary granules and in total neutrophil myeloperoxidase content. Abstract A direct, rapid, quantitative colorimetric assay to determine neutrophil primary granule degranulation was adapted for use with fathead minnow kidney neutrophils. The assay measures the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3,3 0 ,5,5 0 -tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. The assay was validated by comparing the total myeloperoxidase content of neutrophil populations obtained from adult cattle, as a known positive, and fish; evaluating the effects of calcium ionophore (CaI), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), aqueous solution of b-glucan (MGAQ) and zymosan (Z) with and without cytochalasin B (cyto B) as stimulants of degranulation; determining the kinetics of primary granule exocytosis and detecting changes in degranulation when fish were exposed to stress and anaesthesia with MS-222. The MPO assay detected MPO activity in fathead minnow neutrophils that correlated to neutrophil numbers, confirmed that degranulation was increased when CaI was used compared to other stimulants, determined degranulation peak at 60 min and confirmed decreased degranulation after exposure to handling and crowding stress, with and without MS-222. Therefore, the MPO assay is capable of detecting important differences that may occur in degranulation of fathead minnow kidney neutrophil primary granules and in total neutrophil myeloperoxidase content.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Different granule types within the mammalian neutrophils contain a variety of antimicrobial substances that are released into phagosomes or to the cell exterior during degranulation [13]. Degranulation of neutrophil primary granules has been measured using indirect methods such as iodination assay or exocytosis assay [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

Palić

Andreasen

Menzel

et al. 2005

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…1). 4 These results confirm our previous observations (14) and suggest that neutrophils are associated with lesion healing and pathogen control. Based on these results, we investigated whether transient neutrophil depletion altered the course of Lb infection in BALB/c mice.…”

Section: In Vivo Neutrophil Depletion Enhances Parasite Growth Whilesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…During infection with Lb, development of clinical lesions coincides with an influx of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils (2,3). Neutrophils are among the first cells to be recruited to the infection site and are important in preventing pathogen survival via oxidant-and protease-dependent mechanisms (4,5). Neutrophils also provide an important link between innate and adaptive immunity during parasitic infections (6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils and Macrophages Cooperate in Host Resistance againstLeishmania braziliensisInfection

Novais

Santiago²,

Báfica³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

131

121

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Neutrophils play an active role in the control of infections caused by intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania. In the present study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil depletion at the time of Leishmania braziliensis infection of BALB/c mice and how neutrophils interact with the infected macrophage to promote parasite elimination. The in vivo depletion of neutrophils led to a significant increase in parasite load and enhanced the Th1-Th2 immune response in this experimental model of infection. BALB/c mice coinoculated with both parasites and live neutrophils displayed lower parasite burdens at the site of infection and in the draining lymph nodes. In vitro, we observed that live neutrophils significantly reduced the parasite load in L. braziliensis-infected murine macrophages, an effect not observed with Leishmania major. L. braziliensis elimination was dependent on the interaction between neutrophils and macrophages and was associated with TNF-α as well as superoxide production. Furthermore, cooperation between neutrophils and macrophages toward parasite elimination was also observed in experiments performed with L. braziliensis-infected human cells and, importantly, with two other New World Leishmania species. These results indicate that neutrophils play an important and previously unappreciated role in L. braziliensis infection, favoring the induction of a protective immune response.

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“…Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that release antimicrobial species intracellularly or extracellularly to defend against internalized and extracellular pathogens, respectively [6,7]. Neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which comprise chromatin fibers associated with antimicrobial proteins [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermonuclease ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeEnhances Bacterial Escape From Killing by Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

et al. 2015

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Acute gonorrhea is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation that is insufficient to clear Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Activated neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of chromatin and decorated with antimicrobial proteins. The N. gonorrhoeae NG0969 open reading frame contains a gene (nuc) that encodes a putatively secreted thermonuclease (Nuc) that contributes to biofilm remodeling. Here, we report that Nuc degrades NETs to help N. gonorrhoeae resist killing by neutrophils. Primary human neutrophils released NETs after exposure to N. gonorrhoeae, but NET integrity declined over time with Nuc-containing bacteria. Recombinant Nuc and conditioned medium from Nuc-containing N. gonorrhoeae degraded human neutrophil DNA and NETs. NETs were found to have antimicrobial activity against N. gonorrhoeae, and Nuc expression enhanced N. gonorrhoeae survival in the presence of neutrophils that released NETs. We propose that Nuc enables N. gonorrhoeae to escape trapping and killing by NETs during symptomatic infection, highlighting Nuc as a multifunctional virulence factor for N. gonorrhoeae.

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Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation

Cited by 925 publications

References 126 publications

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820)

Neutrophils and Macrophages Cooperate in Host Resistance againstLeishmania braziliensisInfection

A Thermonuclease ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeEnhances Bacterial Escape From Killing by Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

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