Flocculation of colloidal silica with aluminum fractal polymers
was investigated by 27Al magic angle
spinning and 29Si cross polarization magic angle
spinning NMR as a function of aluminum concentration
and pH. Aluminum flocculant species were prepared by dilution of a
commercially available flocculant,
WAC HB, the hydrolysis of which yields Al13 polymers.
The results showed that destabilization with
hydrolyzed aluminum has many features in common with flocculation by
addition of conventional organic
polymers. Interaction of aluminum polymers with silica leads to
the formation of four coordinated aluminum
retained at the silica surface as negatively charged aluminosilicate
sites. These sites, similar to those
found in clay minerals and zeolitic materials, represent potential
anchors to aluminum polycations. Hence,
aggregation of silica particles proceeds with either charge
neutralization or bridging. Tetrahedral aluminum
in contact with silica may be assimilated to polymer segments bound to
the surface. Study of the effect
of aluminum concentration and pH suggests that aluminum partition
within silica flocs may be ascribed
to a competition between structural rearrangement of individual
aluminum polymers, which tend to adopt
a flat conformation on the silica surface, and excluded area effects
originating from neighboring flocculant
species.