Neutron diffraction and finite element modeling to study the weld residual stress relaxation induced by cutting

Jiang, Wenchun; Woo, Wanchuck; An, Gyubaek; Park, Jeong-Ung

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.04.053

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In recent years, many methods have been used to measure residual stress, but their accuracy has not been sufficient. In addition, some simulations have been developed to analyze the final distribution of residual stress [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Welding Residual Stresses within Cladding and Substrate during Electroslag Strip Cladding

Qin

Cheng

et al. 2020

Materials

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Hydrogenation reactors are important oil-refining equipment that operate in high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen environments and are commonly composed of 2.25Cr–1Mo–0.25V steel. For a hydrogenation reactor with a plate-welding structure, the processes and effects of welding residual stress (WRS) are very complicated due to the complexity of the welding structure. These complex welding residual stress distributions affect the service life of the equipment. This study investigates the evolution of welding residual stress during weld-overlay cladding for hydrogenation reactors using the finite element method (FEM). A blind hole method is applied to verify the proposed model. Unlike the classical model, WRS distribution in a cladding/substrate system in this study was found to be divided into three regions: the cladding layer, the stress-affected layer (SAL), and the substrate in this study. The SAL is defined as region coupling affected by the stresses of the cladding layer and substrate at the same time. The evolution of residual stress in these three regions was thoroughly analyzed in three steps with respect to the plastic-strain state of the SAL. Residual stress was rapidly generated in Stage 1, reaching about −440 MPa compression stress in the SAL region at the end of this stage after 2.5 s. After cooling for 154 s, at the end of Stage 2, the WRS distribution was fundamentally shaped except for in the cladding layer. The interface between the cladding layer and substrate is the most heavily damaged region due to the severe stress gradient and drastic change in WRS during the welding process. The effects of substrate thickness and preheat temperature were evaluated. The final WRS in the cladding layer first increased with the increase in substrate thickness, and then started to decline when substrate thickness reached a large-enough value. WRS magnitudes in the substrate and SAL decreased with the increase in preheat temperature and substrate thickness. Compressive WRS in the cladding layer, on the other hand, increased with the increase in preheat temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Welding Residual Stresses within Cladding and Substrate during Electroslag Strip Cladding

Qin

Cheng

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…Recently, Jiang et al [7] investigated the characteristic distance, defined as the maximum length at which the as-weld stress is largely unchanged by a cutting length. They reported that the minimum cutting length to avoid the stress relaxation by cutting was approximately 6 times the characteristic length (66 mm) and about 12 times the plate thickness (25 mm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] did not draw a connection between the residual stress redistribution induced by cutting and machining and variations in the resistance-to-fracture of the weld zone. If the residual stresses redistributed in the preparation of the specimens are not understood, their effect on the resistance-tofracture of the weld zone cannot be investigated thoroughly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method

2016

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This paper presents an experimental study that examines variations of Charpy impact energy of a welded steel plate, depending upon the welding method and the method for obtaining the Charpy specimens. Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) and Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were employed to weld an SA516 Gr. 70 steel plate. The methods of wire cutting and water-jet cutting were adopted to take samples from the welded plate. The samples were machined according to the recommendations of ASTM SEC. II SA370, in order to fit the specimen dimension that the Charpy impact test requires. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to measure the as-weld residual stress and its redistribution after the samples were cut. The Charpy impact energy of specimens was considerably dependent on the cutting methods and locations in the welded plate where the specimens were taken. The specimens that were cut by water jet followed by FCAW have the greatest resistance-to-fracture (Charpy impact energy). Regardless of which welding method was used, redistributed transverse residual stress becomes compressive when the specimens are prepared using water-jet cutting. Meanwhile, redistributed transverse residual stress becomes tensile when the specimens are prepared using wire cutting.

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“…Direct measurements can be either destructive (e.g., hole drilling [3,4]) or nondestructive, such as X-ray or neutron diffraction [5][6][7][8] and ultrasound [9,10]. Neutron diffraction is widely used for stress measurements in a wide range of engineering structures owing to the neutron beam's unique deep penetration and threedimensional mapping capability [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual stresses determination in an 8mm Incoloy 800H weld via neutron diffraction

et al. 2015

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Neutron diffraction and finite element modeling to study the weld residual stress relaxation induced by cutting

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Evolution of Welding Residual Stresses within Cladding and Substrate during Electroslag Strip Cladding

Evolution of Welding Residual Stresses within Cladding and Substrate during Electroslag Strip Cladding

Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method

Residual stresses determination in an 8mm Incoloy 800H weld via neutron diffraction

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