Neutrino Oscillations through the Earth's Core

Denton, Peter B.; Pestes, Rebekah

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.01148

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…While the text of this article was being written, Refs. [84,85] appeared on the arXiv. In [84] the authors investigated the sensitivity of the DUNE experiment to the Earth core, lower mantle and upper mantle densities by using prospective DUNE data on oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos, while in [85] prospective atmospheric neutrino DUNE data were used with the aim of determining the radius of the Earth core.…”

Section: Results For Io Neutrino Mass Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[84,85] appeared on the arXiv. In [84] the authors investigated the sensitivity of the DUNE experiment to the Earth core, lower mantle and upper mantle densities by using prospective DUNE data on oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos, while in [85] prospective atmospheric neutrino DUNE data were used with the aim of determining the radius of the Earth core. uration proposed in [30] and after 10 years of data-taking will have a rather good sensitivity to the outer core and mantle densities and essentially no sensitivity to the inner core density.…”

Section: Results For Io Neutrino Mass Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutrino tomography of the Earth with ORCA detector

Capozzi

Petcov

2022

Eur. Phys. J. C

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Using PREM as a reference model for the Earth density distribution we investigate the sensitivity of ORCA detector to deviations of the Earth (i) outer core (OC) density, (ii) inner core (IC) density, (iii) total core density, and (iv) mantle density, from their respective PREM densities. The analysis is performed by studying the effects of the Earth matter on the oscillations of atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }$$ ν μ , $$\nu _e$$ ν e , $${\bar{\nu }}_\mu $$ ν ¯ μ and $${\bar{\nu }}_e$$ ν ¯ e . We present results which illustrate the dependence of the ORCA sensitivity to the OC, IC, core and mantle densities on the type of systematic uncertainties used in the analysis, on the value of the atmospheric neutrino mixing angle $$\theta _{23}$$ θ 23 , on whether the Earth mass constraint is implemented or not, and on the way it is implemented, and on the type – with normal ordering (NO) or inverted ordering (IO) – of the light neutrino mass spectrum. We show, in particular, that in the “most favorable” NO case of implemented Earth mass constraint, “minimal” systematic errors and $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}=0.58$$ sin 2 θ 23 = 0.58 , ORCA can determine, e.g., the OC (mantle) density at $$3\sigma $$ 3 σ C.L. after 10 years of operation with an uncertainty of (− 18%)/+ 15% (of (− 6%)/+ 8%). In the “most disfavorable” NO case of “conservative” systematic errors and $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}=0.42$$ sin 2 θ 23 = 0.42 , the uncertainty on OC (mantle) density reads (− 43%)/+ 39% ((− 17%/+ 20%), while for for $$\sin ^2\theta _{23} = 0.50$$ sin 2 θ 23 = 0.50 and 0.58 it is noticeably smaller: (− 37)%/+ 30% and (− 30%)/+ 24% ((− 13%)/+ 16% and (− 11%/+ 14%)). We find also that the sensitivity of ORCA to the OC, core and mantle densities is significantly worse for IO neutrino mass spectrum.

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Section: Results For Io Neutrino Mass Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results For Io Neutrino Mass Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrino tomography of the Earth with ORCA detector

Capozzi

Petcov

2022

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…The possibility of probing the internal structure of Earth using these density-dependent matter effects is known as "neutrino oscillation tomography". These studies have been performed using man-made neutrino beams [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], supernova neutrinos [70,71], solar neutrinos [70,[72][73][74][75][76][77], and atmospheric neutrinos [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. In the sub-GeV and multi-GeV energy ranges, atmospheric neutrinos are the best source of neutrinos to probe the internal structure of Earth because they have access to a wide range of baselines starting from about 15 km to 12750 km which cover all the layers of Earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating the Core-Mantle Boundary using Oscillations of Atmospheric Neutrinos

Upadhyay¹,

Kumar²,

Agarwalla³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1σ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt•yr. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision.

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“…The advancement in the precision of oscillation parameters with non-zero value of reactor mixing angle θ 13 has opened the door for Earth tomography based on matter effects on the oscillations of neutrinos in the multi-GeV energy range, which easily penetrate through the core. The possibility of such a "neutrino oscillation tomography" has been studied using man-made neutrino beams [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], solar neutrinos [47][48][49][50][51][52][53], supernova neutrinos [49,54], and atmospheric neutrinos [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. During this propagation, neutrinos undergo charged-current interactions with ambient electrons and experience an effective Earth matter potential…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since atmospheric neutrinos have energies in the multi-GeV range where the Earth matter effects are significant, and since about ∼ 20% of the upward-going atmospheric neutrinos observed at a detector would have passed through the core, this would be the best source of neutrinos to probe the core of the Earth. The use of atmospheric neutrinos for constraining the average densities of the core and the mantle using ORCA [57,63,66] and DUNE [64], for detecting the core-mantle boundary (CMB) using ICAL [62], and for determining the position of the core-mantle boundary using DUNE [65] has already been proposed. Note that the Earth matter effects on neutrinos depend on the electron density, as opposed to the matter density that the seismic waves are mainly sensitive to.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrino oscillations in Earth for probing dark matter inside the core

Upadhyay¹,

Kumar²,

Agarwalla³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Atmospheric neutrinos offer the possibility of probing dark matter inside the core of the Earth in a unique way, through Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. For example, if dark matter constitutes 40% of the mass inside the core, a detector like ICAL at INO with muon charge identification capability can be sensitive to it at around 2σ confidence level with 1000 kt•yr exposure. We demonstrate that while the dark matter profile will be hard to identify, the baryonic matter profile inside the core can be probed in a manner complementary to the seismic measurements.

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Neutrino Oscillations through the Earth's Core

Cited by 3 publications

References 84 publications

Neutrino tomography of the Earth with ORCA detector

Neutrino tomography of the Earth with ORCA detector

Locating the Core-Mantle Boundary using Oscillations of Atmospheric Neutrinos

Neutrino oscillations in Earth for probing dark matter inside the core

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