Neutrino oscillations in Earth for probing dark matter inside the core

Upadhyay, Anuj Kumar; Kumar, Anil; Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar; Dighe, Amol

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2112.14201

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The possibility of probing the internal structure of Earth using these density-dependent matter effects is known as "neutrino oscillation tomography". These studies have been performed using man-made neutrino beams [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71], supernova neutrinos [72,73], solar neutrinos [72,[74][75][76][77][78][79], and atmospheric neutrinos [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95]. In the sub-GeV and multi-GeV energy ranges, atmospheric neutrinos are the best source of neutrinos to probe the internal structure of Earth because they have access to a wide range of baselines starting from about 15 km to 12750 km which cover all the layers of Earth.…”

Section: Jhep04(2023)068mentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating the core-mantle boundary using oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos

Upadhyay

Kumar

Agarwalla

et al. 2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1σ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt yr. With the 81-layered PREM profile, this 1σ precision would be about 350 km. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision.

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Section: Jhep04(2023)068mentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating the core-mantle boundary using oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos

Upadhyay

Kumar

Agarwalla

et al. 2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…Another option is oscillation tomography, which takes advantage of the matter effect on flavor oscillations [45][46][47] of lower energy (MeV to GeV) neutrinos. In a medium, the transition probabilities between active neutrinos depend on the number density of electrons n e along the neutrino trajectory, which is proportional to the product of the matter density ρ times the average ratio Z /A of the atomic number Z and the mass number A [36,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillation tomografy study of Earth’s composition and density with atmospheric neutrinos

et al. 2022

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Knowledge of the composition of the Earth’s interior is highly relevant to many geophysical and geochemical problems. Neutrino oscillations are modified in a non-trivial way by the matter effects and can provide valuable and unique information not only on the density but also on the chemical and isotopic composition of the deep regions of the planet. In this paper, we re-examine the possibility of performing an oscillation tomography of the Earth with atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos to obtain information on the composition and density of the outer core and the mantle, complementary to that obtained by geophysical methods. Particular attention is paid to the D$$^{\prime \prime }$$ ″ layer just above the core-mantle boundary and to the water (hydrogen) content in the mantle transition zone. Our analysis is based on a Monte-Carlo simulation of the energy and azimuthal angle distribution of $$\mu $$ μ -like events generated by neutrinos. Taking as reference a model of the Earth consisting of 55 concentric layers with constant densities determined from the PREM, we evaluate the effect on the number of events due to changes in the composition and density of the outer core and the mantle. To examine the capacity of a detector like ORCA to resolve such variations, we construct regions in planes of two of these quantities where the statistical significance of the discrepancies between the reference and the modified Earth are less than $$1\sigma $$ 1 σ . The variations are implemented in such a way that the constraint imposed by both the total mass of the Earth and its moment of inertia are verified.

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“…The possibility of probing the internal structure of Earth using these density-dependent matter effects is known as "neutrino oscillation tomography". These studies have been performed using man-made neutrino beams [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], supernova neutrinos [70,71], solar neutrinos [70,[72][73][74][75][76][77], and atmospheric neutrinos [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. In the sub-GeV and multi-GeV energy ranges, atmospheric neutrinos are the best source of neutrinos to probe the internal structure of Earth because they have access to a wide range of baselines starting from about 15 km to 12750 km which cover all the layers of Earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating the Core-Mantle Boundary using Oscillations of Atmospheric Neutrinos

Upadhyay¹,

Kumar²,

Agarwalla³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1σ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt•yr. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision.

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Neutrino oscillations in Earth for probing dark matter inside the core

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Locating the core-mantle boundary using oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos

Locating the core-mantle boundary using oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos

Oscillation tomografy study of Earth’s composition and density with atmospheric neutrinos

Locating the Core-Mantle Boundary using Oscillations of Atmospheric Neutrinos

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