Neutrino oscillations and the atmospheric neutrino fluxes

Three-flavor atmospheric neutrino anomaly

“…However, the vacuum approximation is not adequate for neutrinos which travel in the earth matter for a large fraction of their path length. For these neutrinos one expects substantial deviations from the vacuum oscillation probability [42][43][44][45][46]23] when…”

Atmospheric neutrinos with three flavor mixing

“…For both the cases, they obtain a mass-squared difference δm 2 ∼ 10 −2 eV 2 and a mixing angle nearly 45 0 . Since the upward going neutrinos travel large distances inside the earth before entering the detector, matter effects may be important for these, especially at higher energies [7,8]. Therefore one must take matter effects into consideration while analyzing ν µ ↔ ν e oscillations.…”

Valence band spectra and doping based alterations in band gap and electric modulus of Nd2NiMnO6

“…Double perovskites of the form R 2 NiMnO 6 (R = rare earth element) are associated with a large number of engrossing properties like high dielectric constant, magnetocaloric effect, magnetoresistance, magnetocapacitance, magnetodielectric effect, multiferroicity, semiconducting behavior and many more because of which they are known to have multifunctional nature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. It has been determined that the structure of most of these R 2 NiMnO 6 (R = rare earth element) double perovskite is monoclinic but as the ionic radius of rare earth decreases, the monoclinic structure comes under distortion.…”