We consider the phenomenological constraints on the mass M"and the Wt -Wz mixing angle g in a very general class of SU(2)L X SU(2)R X U(1) models. In particular, almost no model-dependent assumptions are made concerning left-right symmetry or the Higgs structure of the theory, which means that U", the mixing matrix for right-handed quarks, is unrelated to the left-handed Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix U . We consider a number of possibilities for the neutrinos occurring in right-handed currents, including (a) heavy Majorana neutrinos, (b) heavy Dirac neutrinos, (c) intermediate-mass (10 -100 MeV) neutrinos, and (d) light neutrinos (e.g., the Dirac partners of the ordinary left-handed neutrinos). For each case we utilize relevant constraints from the AL-E& mass difference, Bd Bd oscillations, the b semileptonic branching ratio and decay rate, neutrinoless double-beta decay, theoretical relations between mass and mixing, universality, nonleptonic kaon decays, muon decay, and astrophysical constraints from nucleosynthesis and SN 1987A. As is to be expected the limits on MR are considerably weaker than for the special case of manifest or pseudomanifest left-right symmetry (MR ) 1.4 TeV). In fact, if extreme fine-tuning is allowed the 8'R could be as light as the ordinary O'L. However, with reasonable restrictions on fine-tuning one obtains MR & 300 GeV for gR =gL, with more stringent limits holding for most of parameter space.If CP-violating phases in U are small the limit on mixing i~(~( 0.0025 for g"=gt ) is almost as stringent as for the case of left-right symmetry. For large phases~g~could be as large as -0.013.

The recent discovery by the Daya-Bay and RENO experiments, that θ(13) is nonzero and relatively large, significantly impacts existing experiments and the planning of future facilities. In many scenarios, the nonzero value of θ(13) implies that θ(23) is likely to be different from π/4. Additionally, large detectors will be sensitive to matter effects on the oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos, making it possible to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and the octant of θ(23). We show that a 50 kT magnetized liquid argon neutrino detector can ascertain the mass hierarchy with a significance larger than 4σ with moderate exposure times, and the octant at the level of 2-3σ with greater exposure.

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles. v Physics Potential of ICAL at INO vi PrefaceThe past two decades in neutrino physics have been very eventful, and have established this field as one of the flourishing areas of high energy physics. Starting from the confirmation of neutrino oscillations that resolved the decades-old problems of the solar and atmospheric neutrinos, we have now been able to show that neutrinos have nonzero masses, and different flavors of neutrinos mix among themselves. Our understanding of neutrino properties has increased by leaps and bounds. Many experiments have been constructed and envisaged to explore different facets of neutrinos, in particular their masses and mixing.The Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) experiment at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) [1] is one of the major detectors that is expected to see the light of the day soon. It will have unique features like the ability to distinguish muon neutrinos from antineutrinos at GeV energies, and measure the energies of hadrons in the same energy range. It is therefore well suited for the identification of neutrino mass hierarchy, the measurement of neutrino mixing parameters, and many probes of new physics. The site for the INO has been identified, and the construction is expected to start soon. In the meanwhile, the R&D for the ICAL detector, including the design of its modules, the magnet coils, the active detector elements and the associated electronics, has been underway over the past deca...

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a world-class neutrino observatory and nucleon decay detector designed to answer fundamental questions about the nature of elementary particles and their role in the universe.