Neutrino fluence from gamma-ray bursts: off-axis view of structured jets

Abstract

We investigate the expected high-energy neutrino fluence from internal shocks produced in the relativistic outflow of gamma-ray bursts. Previous model predictions have primarily focussed on on-axis observations of uniform jets. Here we present a generalization to account for arbitrary viewing angles and jet structures. Based on this formalism, we provide an improved scaling relation that expresses off-axis neutrino fluences in terms of on-axis model predictions. We also find that the neutrino fluence from structured jets can exhibit a strong angular dependence relative to that of γ-rays and can be far more extended. We examine this behavior in detail for the recent short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A observed in coincidence with the gravitational wave event GW170817.

Search for neutrino counterparts of gravitational-wave events detected by LIGO and Virgo during run O2 with the ANTARES telescope

“…The constraints are also interpreted in the context of population studies, for which limits can be put on the typical neutrino emission of different categories of sources (here, BBH and NSBH). As the most recent astrophysical models (e.g., [3,25,28]) seem to be out of reach for current detectors, such stacking studies may be one of the most promising approaches to identify joint emitters of neutrinos and GWs. More refined stackings may be studied by considering e.g., sub-populations among BBH mergers, such as the ones having similar source characteristics or environments.…”

“…where D L is the source luminosity distance, and E min , E max are the integration bounds. For this analysis, these bounds are fixed to E min = 5 GeV and E max = 10 8 GeV, which is the typical range where the emission is expected in most of the models (e.g., [25]).…”

High-Energy Extragalactic Neutrino Astrophysics

“…In particular, double neutron star mergers are widely believed to be the progenitors of short GRBs, and the detection of GW170817 associated with GRB 170817A supported this hypothesis. High-energy neutrinos from short GRBs have been investigated mostly in light of the jet scenario (166,167,168), and neutrino emission during the extended and plateau emission phases are likely to be dominant (166). High-energy neutrinos may also be produced in choked jets (169), as well as by winds from the remnant black hole or magnetar (170,171).…”

High-energy neutrino transients and the future of multi-messenger astronomy

“…As an example, in the past three years, the Zwicky Transient Facility has discovered > 1500 core-collapse supernovae, > 100 hypernovae and > 30 tidal disruption events (among other transients). The modeling of possible coincidences will require a precise description of spatial properties, to correctly assess emissions directed towards the observer; for instance, in the case of GW170817, to correctly predict coincident photons and neutrinos that are not emitted in the direction of the relativistic jet (off-axis emissions) 202,203 .…”