Neutralization energy contribution to the nanostructure creation by the impact of highly charged ions at arbitrary angle of incidence upon a metal surface covered with a thin dielectric film

Effect of the cascade neutralization energy on the surface modification by the impact of slow highly charged ions

“…where the effective ionic charge Z e f f is calculated in (Majkić et al, 2017) for a given film properties ( , s 0 ). We note that the final ionic charges for different geometries in the MV-system are the same due to the behaviour of the population probabilities maxima (see Fig. (2) and Fig.2 in (Majkić et al, 2019). The corresponding neutralization energies differ due to the difference in their potential energies.…”

“…For the metal surface parameters, within the Sommerfeld model, we use the value of the work function φ = 5eV and for the potential depth U 0 = 15eV. The dielectric film is characterized by the width s 0 , and by the dielectric constants = 2, 4 and 8.We analyze the arbitrary collision geometry for the angles of incidence Φ in = π/2, 3π/8 and π/4.Due to the interaction of the HCI with solid surface the ionic charge decreases in time according to the cascade neutralization scenario Q = Z → Z − 1 → .... → Q fin , see The neutralization process in the MDV-system we treat within the framework of the TVM and micro-staircase model (Majkić et al, 2017(Majkić et al, , 2019. According to the TVM the state of the active electron e − is described by two state vectors |Ψ 1 (t) and |Ψ 2 (t) , which simultaneously evolve in two opposite directions of time.…”

“…The mixed flux we calculate through the fictive Firsov plane S F (Demkov & Ostrovskii, 1975;Nedeljković & Majkić, 2007), which separates the metal surface and the ionic region. The S F plane is positioned sufficiently far both from the surface and on the ionic core so that we use the asymptotic expressions of the wavefunctions Ψ 1 (r, t) and Ψ 2 (r, t) for the calculation of the mixed flux (Nedeljković et al, 2012).…”

“…The neutralization dynamics within the MDV-system can be obtained from the corresponding one in the MV-system using the principle of equivalence based on the concept of the effective ionic charge Z e f f (Majkić et al, 2017(Majkić et al, , 2019.…”

“…However, for moderate ionic velocities, the surface modification is governed by the ionic neutralization energy which is less than the potential energy due to the incomplete neutralization. In that case, both the neutralization and the deposited kinetic energy contribute to the surface modification (Majkić et al, 2017(Majkić et al, , 2019.…”