Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow

Wang, Zhen; Xie, Zhiyong; Mi, Wenying; Møller, Axel; Wolschke, Hendrik; Ebinghaus, Ralf

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00920

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2 (Ahrens et al, , 2012Cai et al, 2012a;Del Vento et al, 2012;Dreyer and Ebinghaus, 2009;Li et al, 2011;Shoeib et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2014Wang et al, , 2015Xie et al, 2013Xie et al, , 2015. The concentrations of SFTOHs in this study were comparable with those observed in the marine atmosphere, e.g., the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean , the North Sea , the Japan Sea to the Arctic (Cai et al, 2012a) and the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (Shoeib et al, 2010), and lower than those in urban and coastal areas (Ahrens et al, 2012;Dreyer and Ebinghaus, 2009;Li et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Comparison With Other Reported Gaseous Pfasssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…). The ratios of 8:2 FTOH to 10:2 FTOH to 6:2 FTOH can be used as an indicator to differentiate the emissions between local sources and atmospheric long-range transport (Li et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2015). In our study, the average ratio of 8:2 FTOH to 10:2 FTOH to 6:2 FTOH was 9.6: 2.1: 1.0.…”

Section: Neutral Pfass In the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 48%

“…The rest samples were collected in open sea with the SPFASs concentrations of 34.1e68.9 pg m À3 . The variations of SPFASs could be influenced by source regions, air mass transport and meteorological conditions (Li et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2013). In order to understand the influence of source regions, we classify the samples into two groups: continental (mainly from the Asian continent) and non-continental origins based on the air mass backtrajectories.…”

Section: Neutral Pfass In the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they are capable of escaping into the atmosphere during their manufacture and usage. They have been observed not only in urban areas (Ahrens et al, 2012;Dreyer and Ebinghaus, 2009;Li et al, 2011), but also in remote areas (Cai et al, 2012a;Del Vento et al, 2012;Shoeib et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2013Xie et al, , 2015. In smog chamber studies, the atmospheric lifetimes were estimated to be approximately 20 days for FTOHs and 20e50 days for FASAs due to their slow reaction with OH radicals (Ellis et al, 2003;Martin et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

Lai

Song

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tNeutral Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. Four groups of PFASs, i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and fluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs), were detected in gas samples. FTOHs was the predominant PFAS group, accounting for 95.2e99.3% of total PFASs (SPFASs), while the other PFASs accounted for a small fraction of SPFASs. The concentrations of SPFASs ranged from 18.0 to 109.9 pg m À3 with an average of 54.5 pg m À3 . The concentrations are comparable to those reported in other marine atmosphere. Higher concentrations of SPFASs were observed in the continental-influenced samples than those in other samples, pointing to the substantial contribution of anthropogenic sources. Long-range transport is suggested to be a major pathway for introducing gaseous PFASs into the atmosphere over the northern SCS. In order to further understand the fate of gaseous PFASs during transport, the atmospheric decay of neutral PFASs under the influence of reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric physical processes were estimated. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH and MeFBSE from selected source region to the atmosphere over the SCS after long-range transport were predicted and compared with the observed concentrations. It suggests that the reaction with OH radicals may play an important role in the atmospheric decay of PFAS during long-range transport, especially for shorted-lived species. Moreover, the influence of atmospheric physical processes on the decay of PFAS should be further considered.

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Section: Comparison With Other Reported Gaseous Pfasssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Neutral Pfass In the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Neutral Pfass In the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

Lai

Song

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…PFASs have been found in various environmental compartments worldwide (Houde et al, 2011;Z. Wang et al, 2015;Yamashita et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

Silva

Armitage

Bruton

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

346

215

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We synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most human exposure assessments have focused on 2 to 5 legacy PFAS, and wildlife assessments are typically limited to targeted PFAS (up to ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production are occurring rapidly, and targeted methods for detecting PFAS have not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine measurements complemented by suspect screening using high‐resolution mass spectrometry are thus emerging as essential tools for PFAS exposure assessment. Such methods enable researchers to better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal perfluoroalkyl acids. Available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for some PFAS, but there is large variability across populations and PFAS compounds. Additional data on total fluorine in exposure media and the fraction of unidentified organofluorine are needed. Drinking water has been established as the major exposure source in contaminated communities. As water supplies are remediated, for the general population, exposures from dust, personal care products, indoor environments, and other sources may be more important. A major challenge for exposure assessments is the lack of statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between PFAS and neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a reevaluation of traditional bioaccumulation metrics. There is evidence that both phospholipids and proteins are important for the tissue partitioning and accumulation of PFAS. New mechanistic models for PFAS bioaccumulation are being developed that will assist in wildlife risk evaluations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:631–657. © 2020 SETAC

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Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow

Cited by 78 publications

References 31 publications

Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

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