Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary

Zhao, Zhen; Tang, Jianhui; Mi, Lijie; Tian, Chongguo; Zhong, Guangcai; Zhang, Gan; Wang, Shaorui; Li, Qilu; Ebinghaus, Ralf; Xie, Zhiyong; Sun, Hongwen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147

Cited by 69 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…) were generally higher than those from the Atlantic Ocean (19.9 pg m À3 ) (Wang et al, 2015b), Station Nord, Greenland (9.34 pg m À3 ) (Bossi et al, 2016), and Ny-Ålesund, Norway (14 pg m À3 ) ; they are comparable to those close to source regions such as the North Sea (77.0 pg m À3 ) (Xie et al, 2013) and the South China Sea (53.0 pg m À3 ) (Lai et al, 2016), and lower than those from mobile cruise sampling in the Bohai Sea (104 pg m À3 ), North and South Yellow Seas (184e288 pg m À3 ) (Zhao et al, 2017), and the Japan Sea (178 pg m À3 ) (Cai et al, 2012). In addition, the levels of neutral PFASs at NHI were slightly lower than the samples from the landbased background site of Jixian, Tianjin, but they shared a similar composition profile, suggesting common sources (Yao et al, 2016a).…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…These results suggest additional sources for PFBA in the atmosphere, which produce a different seasonal variation from other PFAAs. Levels of PFBA was reported as 0.15e1.5 ng/ L in the open water of the Bohai Sea collected in 2012, which was much lower than those of PFOA (2.3e106 ng/L) (Zhao et al, 2017). This likely atmospheric transport of PFBA or its precursors to the background island was more significant than its oceanic transport.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 89%

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Yao

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 89%

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Yao

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Previous studies reported the manufacture and release of PFASs in surrounding countries and their ubiquitous occurrence in aquatic systems (Chen et al, 2017c;Lam et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2013aXie et al, , 2013b. One previous study conducted by the same group investigated the n-PFASs in the gas phase (Zhao et al, 2017), but comprehensive investigation of i-PFASs and n-PFASs in air above the two seas are lacking, and the dry deposition fluxes to the surface water are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and dry deposition of alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Fang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Atmospheric Environment

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A total of 26 alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in air collected above the Bohai and Yellow Seas during a research cruise between June 28 and July 15, 2016. ∑PFAS concentrations ranged from 70 pg m −3 to 430 pg m −3 (mean 230 ± 100 pg m −3 ). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, mean 120 ± 80 pg m −3 ) and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH, mean 34 ± 46 pg m −3 ) were the predominating compounds of ionizable PFASs (i-PFASs) and neutral PFASs (n-PFASs), respectively. The contributions of C 4 and C 6 i-PFASs were higher than those of C 8 i-PFASs. Alternative substances, such as chlorinated 6:2 polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-6:2 PFESA, mean 1.6 ± 1.2 pg m −3 ) and diPAPs (mean 1.6 ± 1.3 pg m −3 ), were only detected on the filter. The distribution coefficient of 10:2 FTOH was higher than 8:2 FTOH, which could be explained by the length of the carbon chain. The gas phase dry deposition velocities were simulated, and the values ranged from 0.08 ± 0.12 cm s −1 to 0.85 ± 0.28 cm s −1 . For i-PFASs and diPAPs, the estimated fluxes of the particle phase were higher than those of the gas phase. For n-PFASs and TFA, the gas phase deposition played a key role. The ∑PFASs dry deposition fluxes were 11-290 ng (m 2 d) −1 (mean 72 ± 67 ng (m 2 d) −1 ). The measurement of the concentrations in the gas and particle phases simultaneously provided a more comprehensive understanding of PFAS behaviours in air.

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“…Significant concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in high-mountain glacier in Tibet [ 118 ] and of PFBA in snow in the Arctic region (Devon Ice Cup) [ 119 ] may be explained by easy geographic shift of those compounds from highly polluted areas. Moreover, significantly higher concentrations of short-chain PFASs in samples of water collected from streams of selected rivers was observed [ 120 , 121 ], which demonstrated the increased role of those substances in the chemical industry concentrated near water courses. The mean PFBA, PFHxA, PFBS and PFHxS concentrations determined in streams around the Bohai Sea in China was 11.3, 72.5, 52.3 and 333 ng/L of water, respectively [ 121 ].…”

Section: Pfass In Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptor Potential of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)—A Synthesis of Current Knowledge with Proposal of Molecular Mechanism

Mokra

2021

IJMS

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Endocrine disruptors are a group of chemical compounds that, even in low concentrations, cause a hormonal imbalance in the body, contributing to the development of various harmful health disorders. Many industry compounds, due to their important commercial value and numerous applications, are produced on a global scale, while the mechanism of their endocrine action has not been fully understood. In recent years, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have gained the interest of major international health organizations, and thus more and more studies have been aimed to explain the toxicity of these compounds. PFASs were firstly synthesized in the 1950s and broadly used in the industry in the production of firefighting agents, cosmetics and herbicides. The numerous industrial applications of PFASs, combined with the exceptionally long half-life of these substances in the human body and extreme environmental persistence, result in a common and chronic exposure of the general population to their action. Available data have suggested that human exposure to PFASs can occur during different stages of development and may cause short- or/and long-term health effects. This paper synthetizes the current literature reports on the presence, bioaccumulation and, particularly, endocrine toxicity of selected long- and short-chain PFASs, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms underlying their endocrine actions.

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary

Cited by 69 publications

References 69 publications

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Distribution and dry deposition of alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Endocrine Disruptor Potential of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)—A Synthesis of Current Knowledge with Proposal of Molecular Mechanism

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