Neutral lipids from seeds of Cercis siliquastrum, Sapium sebiferum, and Koelreuteria paniculata

Abstract

547.915The chemical composition of neutral lipids from seeds of Cercis siliquastrum, Sapium sebiferum, and Koelreuteria paniculata were studied. Characteristic features of their individual classes were established.Cercis siliquastrum L. (Judas tree), Sapium sebiferum L. Roxb. (Chinese tallow), and Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. (goldenrain tree) grow well in Georgia, are easily propagated, and bear abundant fruit [1][2][3].Polar lipids from seeds of these plants were found at the Kutateladze Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Georgia, to be active against growth of xenograft tumors of cancer cells [4]. We have previously reported the chemical composition of phospholipids from seeds of C. siliquastrum and S. sebiferum [4][5][6].Herein we report results from a study of neutral lipids (NL) from seeds of C. siliquastrum (ID), S. sebiferum (SD), and K. paniculata (MD).Air-dried ground seeds of ID, SD, and MD that were collected when fully ripe were extracted exhaustively with nhexane at room temperature to produce the NL. The total NL were obtained as oily yellow liquids up to 10% for ID and up to 20% for SD and MD.The physicochemical properties of NL from ID, SD, and MD, respectively, were as follows. Acid number (mg/KOH) 2.80, 23.39, 2.00; d 4 20 0.918, 0.924, 0.909; n D 20 1.475, 1.479, 1.473; saponification number (mg/KOH) 119.22, 142.40, 183.20; iodine number (%I 2 ) 145.33, 90.78, 88.80; ester number (mg/KOH) 116.42, 119.01, 181.20; moisture and volatiles (%) 3.1, 2.0, 1.8.TLC analysis using various solvent systems detected bands in the studied NL corresponding to hydrocarbons (HC), sterol esters (SE), triacylglycerides (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), free sterols (FS), diacylglycerides (DAG), and unidentified components [5]. The NL of MD did not contain SE although bands for fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME) were detected.Adsorption chromatography of the total NL followed by preparative TLC (PTLC) of the mixed fractions isolated the individual classes.Fatty acids (FA) were isolated from the main acyl-containing lipids by alkaline hydrolysis. Their composition was determined by GC of the methyl esters [7][8][9][10]. Table 1 shows that NL of the studied seeds had a FA composition consisting of only 5-6 components. The FA of total lipids and TAG of ID were dominated by linoleic acid (66-64%); FFA and SE, palmitic. Total FA and FFA of SD were dominated by linoleic and oleic; TAG and SE, palmitic. NL of MD had a high (80%) content of oleic acid.FA of NL from ID and SD were converted to the methyl esters and separated by preparative TLC (Ag + ) using system 3. Fractions of saturated, monoenoic, dienoic, and trienoic acids were obtained.According to GC, FAME of saturated (1), monoenoic (2), dienoic (3), and trienoic (4) NL fractions from ID and SD seeds had the following composition (mass %):

Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil—A Rich Natural Source of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Phytocompounds with DNA Protective Potential

“…The same authors found that the content of oleic acid is from 21.77% to 32.0%, that of linoleic acid is from 7.01% to 13.0%, and that of palmitic acid is from 4.50% to 9.7%. Different results regarding the fatty acid composition of K. paniculata oil were published [26], who found that oleic acid is predominant (80.1%), and the content of the other fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, stearic, and linoleic) is significantly low (respectively 8.0%, 6.7%, 4.0%, and 1.1%). The contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the glyceride oil from the studied K. paniculata seeds are in agreement with the data of previous studies, where unsaturated fatty acids predominate (from 84.1 to 88.5%), and that of saturated is between 11.5 and 15.9% [28].…”

“…A high oil content (28-30%) and a low percentage of free fatty acids (0.91%) were found by [24]. Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids are included in the composition of the seed oil of K. paniculata, among which are cis 11-eicosenoic, arachidonic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic acids [24][25][26][27].…”

Active constituents of Koelreuteria paniculata root

“…It is often used in urban greening and courtyard ornamentation. Its wood can only be used to make small utensils, and its seeds can be used to extract industrial oil [2][3][4].…”