Neutral geopolymer foams reinforced with cellulose studied with the FT-Raman spectroscopy

In this work, a surface cationized inorganic–organic hybrid foam was produced from porous geopolymer (GP) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). GPs were synthesized from alkali-activated metakaolin using H 2 O 2 as a blowing agent and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. These highly porous GPs were combined at pH 7.5 with cationic CNCs that had been synthesized from dissolving pulp through periodate oxidation followed by cationization in a deep eutectic solvent. The GP-CNC hybrid foams were employed as reactive filters in the removal of the anionic dye, methyl orange (MO; 5–10 mg/L, pH 7). The effects of a mild acid wash and thermal treatments on the structure, properties, and adsorption capacity of the GPs with CNCs and MO were investigated. The CNCs aligned as films and filaments on the surfaces of the neutralized GPs and the addition of CNCs improved MO removal by up to 84% compared with the reference sample. In addition, CTAB was found to disrupt the attachment of CNCs on the pores and improve adsorption of MO in the GPs with and without CNCs.

show abstract

“…In the case of geopolymer blocks, this has been achieved through excessive washing with water 11 , 22 or acids. 42 , 43 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Cured Inorganic Foams with Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Use as Reactive Filter Media for Anionic Dye Removal

Selkälä

Suopajärvi

Sirviö

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the research was dedicated to reinforcement by artificial fibers such as carbon [27][28] or glass [29][30], including waste products [29][30]. Some of the investigations have been done on the composites with natural fibers such as hemp [31][32], abaca [33], cellulose [34][35] and jute [36]. The mineral fibers; for example, basalt have been also tested [28,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation with cellulose shows the positive influence of this addition on pH and the possibility of applying this material for eco-friendly pots [34][35]. The flax fibers in foamed geopolymers were only investigated as an addition to long fibers [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Flax Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of Solid and Foamed Geopolymer Concrete

Korniejenko

Łach

Hebdowska-Krupa

et al. 2020

Adv. technol. innov.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main objective of this study is to develop the advanced composites for civil engineering applications as material for the building industry, especially for an insulation purpose. The research processes include several steps. Firstly, the prototype elements, such as bricks and elevation elements were performed from eco-friendly composite -flax fiber reinforced geopolymer. The elements were designed to take into consideration for environment. Geopolymers are environmentally friendly, sustainable, and resource efficient, including energy demand. Next, the wall was built from these elements and exposed during the three months in a relevant environment. The main conclusion of the research is that the kind of fibers is important for the mechanical properties of the composite, including the fact that for those different fibers could be more beneficial for different raw materials, giving higher strength properties. The significant influence on the mechanical properties of the composites has the adhesion between fiber and material used as a matrix. The adhesion depends among others on the previous treatment of the fibers.

show abstract

“…Spectroscopy analyses were carried out for samples as described earlier [ 18 , 19 ] with an FT-Raman Nicolet NXR 9650 (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with a Nd:YAG3 + laser with a 1064 nm wavelength (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) on flat geopolymer samples after a month of curing at room temperature. For each material, a minimum of 3 spots was measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Design for a Production of Sustainable Materials from Post-Production Clay

Łach

Gado²,

Marczyk

et al. 2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alkali activated cement (AAC) can be manufactured from industrial by-products to achieve goals of “zero-waste” production. We discuss in detail the AAC production process from (waste) post-production clay, which serves as the calcium-rich material. The effect of different parameters on the changes in properties of the final product, including morphology, phase formation, compressive strength, resistance to the high temperature, and long-term curing is presented. The drying and grinding of clay are required, even if both processes are energy-intensive; the reduction of particle size and the increase of specific surface area is crucial. Furthermore, calcination at 750 °C ensure approximately 20% higher compressive strength of final AAC in comparison to calcination performed at 700 °C. It resulted from the different ratio of phases: Calcite, mullite, quartz, gehlenite, and wollastonite in the final AAC. The type of activators (NaOH, NaOH:KOH mixtures, KOH) affected AAC mechanical properties, significantly. Sodium activators enabled obtaining higher values of strength. However, if KOH is required, the supplementation of initial materials with fly ash or metakaolin could improve the mechanical properties and durability of AAC, even c.a. 28%. The presented results confirm the possibility of recycling post-production clay from the Raciszyn II Jurassic limestone deposit.

show abstract

Neutral geopolymer foams reinforced with cellulose studied with the FT-Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Surface Modification of Cured Inorganic Foams with Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Use as Reactive Filter Media for Anionic Dye Removal

Surface Modification of Cured Inorganic Foams with Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Use as Reactive Filter Media for Anionic Dye Removal

Impact of Flax Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of Solid and Foamed Geopolymer Concrete

Process Design for a Production of Sustainable Materials from Post-Production Clay

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About