Neutral earthing in off-shore wind farm grids

Sandt, R. van de; Lowen, J.R.; Paetzold, J.; Erlich, I.

doi:10.1109/ptc.2009.5281999

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Export voltage in OWFs is typically between 110 and 220 kV. For installed capacities of less than 100 MW, two-winding transformers are commonly used [92]; with three-winding transformers employed in larger installations [93,94]. Although the number of transformers will be at the discretion of the developer, this may be governed by design guidelines, e.g., U.K. grid codes stipulate that all offshore power park modules (i.e., a group of intermittent renewable generators) with installed capacity greater than 90 MW should be able to supply up to 50% of the installed capacity for an N-1 contingency event [95].…”

Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a review of the main electrical components that are expected to be present in marine renewable energy arrays. The review is put in context by appraising the current needs of the industry and identifying the key components required in both device and array-scale developments. For each component, electrical, mechanical and cost considerations are discussed; with quantitative data collected during the review made freely available for use by the community via an open access online repository. This data collection updates previous research and addresses gaps specific to emerging offshore technologies, such as marine and floating wind, and provides a comprehensive resource for the techno-economic assessment of offshore energy arrays.

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Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

et al. 2017

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“…Estas tensões têm influência directa na prestação do sistema de isolamento e nos dispositivos deste, bem como na impedância de neutro a utilizar [9]. Na escolha dos pára-raios, por exemplo, é bastante importante saber a ordem de grandeza das tensões para a terra, já que estes dispositivos são escolhidos tendo em conta a tensão máxima a que podem ser submetidos, sem que se ponha em causa a sua função de protecção.…”

Section: Sistemas De Potênciaunclassified

Determination of the Earth Fault Factor in Power Systems for Different Earthed Neutrals

Calado

Mariano

2010

IEEE Latin Am. Trans.

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This paper proposes an analytical method to calculate the earth fault factor (EFF) in power systems, under different neutral earthed possibilities. The magnitude of the EFF depends on the way the neutrals of a system are earthed and influences some important aspects in power systems as the sensitivity and selectivity of relays, the value of short-circuit currents, the overvoltage between lines and earth, the determination of arrester rating and the system insulation level. The obtained results are compared with the values of EFF referred in International Standards.

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“…An isolated neutral system has low-value fault current. Many researchers created protection algorithms for compensation [24][25][26][27][28]. Overvoltage generated by single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults by using Petersen coil for MV systems is given in [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Neutral Grounding Protection Methods for Compensated Wind/PV Grid-Connected Hybrid Power Systems

Çetinkaya

Umer

2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

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The effects of the wind/PV grid-connected system (GCS) can be categorized as technical, environmental, and economic impacts. It has a vital impact for improving the voltage in the power systems; however, it has some negative effects such as interfacing and fault clearing. This paper discusses different grounding methods for fault protection of High-voltage (HV) power systems. Influences of these grounding methods for various fault characteristics on wind/PV GCSs are discussed. Simulation models are implemented in the Alternative Transient Program (ATP) version of the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). The models allow for different fault factors and grounding methods. Results are obtained to evaluate the impact of each grounding method on the 3-phase short-circuit fault (SCF), double-line-to-ground (DLG) fault, and single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault features. Solid, resistance, and Petersen coil grounding are compared for different faults on wind/PV GCSs. Transient overcurrent and overvoltage waveforms are used to describe the fault case. This paper is intended as a guide to engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for HV, for evaluating existing wind/PV GCSs to minimize the damage of the system components from faults. This research presents the contribution of wind/PV generators and their comparison with the conventional system alone.

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Neutral earthing in off-shore wind farm grids

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

Determination of the Earth Fault Factor in Power Systems for Different Earthed Neutrals

Effect of Neutral Grounding Protection Methods for Compensated Wind/PV Grid-Connected Hybrid Power Systems

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