Neutral 1D Perovskite-Type ABX₃ Ferroelectrics with High Mechanical Energy Harvesting Performance

Abstract

Organic−inorganic ABX 3 hybrids with perovskite structures have drawn enormous attention owing to their intriguing chemical variability, structural tunability, and diversity of application-worthy properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new neutral ABX 3 hybrid ferroelectric compound [Me 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH]CdCl 3 (1), which exhibits a 1D chain structure of edge-sharing CdCl 5 O octahedra that are connected to cationic [Me 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH] + units via its peripheral OH functionality. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the compound at 363 K reveals the conversion of 1 to its coordination isomer 1′, in which the anionic chain consists of face-sharing CdCl 6 octahedra and the cations are uncoordinated. The piezoresponsive force microscopy analysis performed on a single crystal of 1 confirms the existence of polarizable domains in it. The ferroelectric P−E loop measurements on 1 show a high remnant polarization value of 17.1 μC cm −2 . Composite devices based on 1 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepared with varying wt % compositions are examined for mechanical energy harvesting applications. The highest open-circuit voltage of 55.2 V and a maximum power density of 70.9 μW cm −2 at an optimal load of 4 MΩ were obtained for the 15 wt % 1−PDMS device. The harvested energy is shown to be effective for capacitor charging and light-emitting diode (LED) flash lighting applications.

A one-dimensional perovskite with ferroelectric and switchable nonlinear optical properties: [azetidinium]CdCl3

“…18 Additionally, ferroelectric materials based on organic-inorganic hybrids from the halogen-metal family have recently attracted much attention due to the possibility of using them in electricity (nano)generators. [19][20][21][22] Commonly used inorganic piezoelectric materials based on zinc oxides, barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate and others [23][24][25][26] are not flexible enough for this purpose. OIPHs appear to be perfect alternatives to inorganic counterparts, given their mechanical flexibility and ease of obtaining thin layers.…”

“…OIPHs appear to be perfect alternatives to inorganic counterparts, given their mechanical flexibility and ease of obtaining thin layers. The first one-dimensional hybrid, for which mechanical energy harvesting was achieved, was that with the general formula [Me 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH]CdCl 3 , 19 generating a very high polarization of 17.1 mC cm À2 . High values of spontaneous polarization are also observed for materials of the A 2 BX 4 stoichiometry.…”

Recent Advances in Organic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Mechanical Energy Harvesting

“…Later, the same research group established a PEH based on an unusual ABX 3 type organic–inorganic hybrid compound, [Me 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH]CdCl 3 ( Figure ). [ 145 ] Figure 34a shows the molecular structure of [Me 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH]CdCl 3 , which exhibits a 1D chain structure of edge‐sharing CdCl 5 O octahedra that are coordinated with (2‐hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium (HETMA) cations. The two equatorial chloride ions act as a µ 2 ‐bridging linker.…”

A New Hybrid Lead‐Free Metal Halide Piezoelectric for Energy Harvesting and Human Motion Sensing

“…Piezoelectric nanogenerators and sensors are two important types of functional electronic devices which have been extensively explored for inorganic perovskite materials, [17,18] such as BaTiO 3 , [19,20] CsPbBr 3 . [21,22] Very recently, the hybrid piezoelectric-based nanogenerators [16,[23][24][25][26] and human body motion sensors [27,28] have been reported and their excellent energy harvesting and sensing performance can be comparable to those of perovskite oxides. For the same reason, these studies are largely limited to the hybrid systems with perovskite structures containing lead, therefore, new lead-free piezoelectrics need to be explored.…”