Neurosurgery Simulation in Residency Training

Abstract

The systematic implementation of a simulation curriculum in a neurosurgery training program is feasible, is favorably regarded, and has a positive impact on trainees of all levels, particularly in junior years. All simulation forms, cadaver, physical, and haptic/computerized, have a role in different stages of learning and should be considered in the development of an educational simulation program.

Simulation and resident education in spinal neurosurgery

“…Gasco et al . reported costs of implementing an integrated residency curriculum,[23] providing pertinent information for any program with the desire to integrate simulation into their resident education. However, there is a paucity of research concerning the cost–benefit relationship of simulation use in neurosurgical residency training.…”

“…For instance, simulation seems to offer the most benefit for junior residents, specifically in postgraduate years (PGYs) 1-3. [20238094] Senior residents have often times already acquired many of the technical skills that can be taught using simulation. One study found that junior residents reported the most benefit from simulation with cadavers, followed by physical models and then haptic/computerized simulators.…”

“…One study found that junior residents reported the most benefit from simulation with cadavers, followed by physical models and then haptic/computerized simulators. [2342] However, PGY-1 residents reportedly are least likely to be included in cadaveric simulation curriculum. [41] Interestingly, senior residents reported the most benefit from the computerized simulators, followed by cadavers and then physical models.…”

“…Successful development of curricula has been described, which can be utilized in institutional-based or conference-based settings. [112328] Third, a combination of different simulation modalities seems to be effective. Because of the inherent advantages and disadvantages of these different types of simulation, distinct skillsets may be gained from each experience.…”

Development of instrumentation for neuronavigation and transcranial magnetic stimulation

“…The combined use of 3D-printed models and neuronavigation might allow practicing and simulation of the whole surgical procedure in advance. Such a strategy would probably increase the confidence of the entire clinical team during the actual procedure (Gasco et al, 2013). …”