Foundations and guidelines for high‐quality three‐dimensional models using photogrammetry: A technical note on the future of neuroanatomy education

Oliveira, André de Sá Braga; Leonel, Luciano; LaHood, Edward R.; Hallak, Hana; Link, Michael J.; Maleszewski, Joseph J.; Pinheiro‐Neto, Carlos D.; Morris, Jonathan M.; Peris-Celda, María

doi:10.1002/ase.2274

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(102 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…21 Studies in the literature proposing 3D modeling of organs and anatomical regions (including with photogrammetry) are sparse but increasing. 8,22,23 Most photogrammetry studies propose models of varying precision using techniques that require a dedicated platform and investment. 9,24 Some have already suggested the use of smartphones, 21,24,25 but, to our knowledge, no study to date has proposed a combination of smartphone photogrammetry of real specimens and stereoscopic techniques nor challenged the photogrammetry with a testing phantom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doing more with less: Realistic stereoscopic three‐dimensional anatomical modeling from smartphone photogrammetry

Morichon,

Dannhoff,

Barantin

et al. 2024

Anatomical Sciences Ed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditional teaching methods struggle to convey three‐dimensional concepts effectively. While 3D virtual models and virtual reality platforms offer a promising approach to teaching anatomy, their cost and specialized equipment pose limitations, especially in disadvantaged areas. A simpler alternative is to use virtual 3D models displayed on regular screens, but they lack immersion, realism, and stereoscopic vision. To address these challenges, we developed an affordable method utilizing smartphone‐based 360° photogrammetry, virtual camera recording, and stereoscopic display (anaglyph or side‐by‐side technique). In this study, we assessed the feasibility of this method by subjecting it to various specimen types: osteological, soft organ, neuroanatomical, regional dissection, and a dedicated 3D‐printed testing phantom. The results demonstrate that the 3D models obtained feature a complete mesh with a high level of detail and a realistic texture. Mesh and texture resolutions were estimated to be approximately 1 and 0.2 mm, respectively. Additionally, stereoscopic animations were both feasible and effective in enhancing depth perception. The simplicity and affordability of this method position it as a technique of choice for creating easily photorealistic anatomical models combined with stereoscopic depth visualization.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doing more with less: Realistic stereoscopic three‐dimensional anatomical modeling from smartphone photogrammetry

Morichon,

Dannhoff,

Barantin

et al. 2024

Anatomical Sciences Ed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The scanner presented three cameras positioned vertically and facing the donor to be scanned (Figure 2). The step-by-step for acquiring highquality 3D models using the photogrammetry technique was already described by our group (de Oliveira et al, 2023). Briefly, each donor was placed within the scanner positioned on a turntable being held F I G U R E 2 Acquisition of 3D models using photogrammetry technique.…”

Section: Acquiring the 3d Model Using Photogrammetry Technique: Scann...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Projection of realistic three‐dimensional photogrammetry models using stereoscopic display: A technical note

Oliveira,

Leonel,

LaHood

et al. 2023

Anatomical Sciences Ed

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 3D stereoscopic technique consists in providing the illusional perception of depth of a given object using two different images mimicking how the right and left eyes capture the object. Both images are slightly different and when overlapped gives a three‐dimensional (3D) experience. Considering the limitations for establishing surgical laboratories and dissections courses in some educational institutions, techniques such as stereoscopy and photogrammetry seem to play an important role in neuroanatomy and neurosurgical education. The aim of this study was to describe how to combine and set up realistic models acquired with photogrammetry scans in 3D stereoscopic projections. Three donors, one dry skull, embalmed brain and head, were scanned using photogrammetry. The software used for displaying the final realistic 3D models (Blender, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) is a free software and allows stereoscopic projection without compromising the interactivity of each model. By default, the model was exported and immediately displayed as a red cyan 3D mode. The 3D projector used in the manuscript required a side‐by‐side 3D mode which was set up with simple commands on the software. The final stereoscopy projection offered depth perception and a visualization in 360° of each donor; this perception was noted especially when visualizing donors with different cavities and fossae. The combination of 3D techniques is of paramount importance for neuroanatomy education. Stereoscopic projections could provide a valuable tool for neuroanatomy instruction directed at clinical trainees and could be especially useful when access to laboratory‐based learning is limited.

show abstract

“…The word “photogrammetry” describes the process of creating three-dimensional (3D) models from standard two-dimensional (2D) photography with measurable quantitative data [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These images then go through a process of orientation, triangulation (calculating the position of the point or object in 3D), point-cloud generation (identifying common points among the photographs), surface reconstruction (triangulation by using the point cloud), and texture mapping, where the 3D model is finalized [ 84 ]. Nowadays these steps are done by using dedicated software [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the neuroanatomy laboratory, photogrammetry is used to generate 3D models based on cadaveric dissections [ 2 , 18 , 19 ], which allows for their repeated use and their prolonged preservation in the virtual space and their application in residents training to acquire a better understanding of complex anatomy. The purpose of the models ranges from a more general representation of anatomy [ 5 , 7 , 8 , 19 , 21 ] to the creation of collections of specific representations of surgical approaches [ 13 - 16 , 20 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Photogrammetry Applied to Neurosurgery: A Literature Review

Trandzhiev,

Vezirska,

Maslarski

et al. 2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photogrammetry refers to the process of creating 3D models and taking measurements through the use of photographs. Photogrammetry has many applications in neurosurgery, such as creating 3D anatomical models and diagnosing and evaluating head shape and posture deformities. This review aims to summarize the uses of the technique in the neurosurgical practice and showcase the systems and software required for its implementation. A literature review was done in the online database PubMed. Papers were searched using the keywords “photogrammetry”, “neurosurgery”, “neuroanatomy”, “craniosynostosis” and “scoliosis”. The identified articles were later put through primary (abstracts and titles) and secondary (full text) screening for eligibility for inclusion. In total, 86 articles were included in the review from 315 papers identified. The review showed that the main uses of photogrammetry in the field of neurosurgery are related to the creation of 3D models of complex neuroanatomical structures and surgical approaches, accompanied by the uses for diagnosis and evaluation of patients with structural deformities of the head and trunk, such as craniosynostosis and scoliosis. Additionally, three instances of photogrammetry applied for more specific aims, namely, cervical spine surgery, skull-base surgery, and radiosurgery, were identified. Information was extracted on the software and systems used to execute the method. With the development of the photogrammetric method, it has become possible to create accurate 3D models of physical objects and analyze images with dedicated software. In the neurosurgical setting, this has translated into the creation of anatomical teaching models and surgical 3D models as well as the evaluation of head and spine deformities. Through those applications, the method has the potential to facilitate the education of residents and medical students and the diagnosis of patient pathologies.

show abstract

Foundations and guidelines for high‐quality three‐dimensional models using photogrammetry: A technical note on the future of neuroanatomy education

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Doing more with less: Realistic stereoscopic three‐dimensional anatomical modeling from smartphone photogrammetry

Doing more with less: Realistic stereoscopic three‐dimensional anatomical modeling from smartphone photogrammetry

Projection of realistic three‐dimensional photogrammetry models using stereoscopic display: A technical note

Photogrammetry Applied to Neurosurgery: A Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About