Projection of realistic three‐dimensional photogrammetry models using stereoscopic display: A technical note

Background The authors had previouslydeveloped AnaVu, a low-resource 3D visualization tool for stereoscopic projection of 3D models generated from annotated MRI neuroimaging data. However, its utility in neuroanatomical education needs to be quantified,and the students’ perspectives known. Methods A three-limb randomized controlled trial with crossover was designed. A sample (n=152) from the 2022 cohort of MBBS students at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram (GMCT), was randomly selected from those who gave informed consent. After a one-hour introductory lecture on brainstem anatomy and a dissection session, students were randomized to three groups (S – stereo; M – Mono and C – Control). S was given a 20-minute demonstration on the brainstem lesson module in AnaVu in stereoscopic mode. M was given the same demonstration, but in monoscopic mode.The C group was taught using white-board drawn diagrams. Pre-intervention and post-intervention tests for four domains (basicrecall, analytical, radiological anatomy and diagram-based questions) were conducted before and after the intervention. Cognitive loads were measured using a pre-validated tool. The crossover part consisted of swapping groups -S, M and C,and they were asked to compare the modes. Results For basic recall examinations, there was a statistically significant increase in the pre/post-intervention score difference of the S group when compared to the M group [p=0.03; post hoc analysis, Bonferroni corrections applied] and the C group [p = 0.001; post hoc analysis, Bonferroni corrections applied]. For radiological anatomy examinations, the difference was significantly higher for S compared to C [p < 0.001; post hoc analysis, Bonferroni corrections applied]. Cognitive load scores showed increased mean germane load for S (33.28 ± 5.35) compared with C (28.18 ± 8.17). The qualitative comments indicated general appreciation about stereoscopy and critical points such as inconvenience of wearing goggles, eye strain, and sleepiness. In spite of these comments, out of the S and M swap cohorts, 79/102 preferred S, 13/102 preferred M, and 6/102 preferred both. Conclusions Since stereoscopic projection is technically challenging and cost considerations arehigher compared to monoscopic projection, the specific advantages and disadvantages of each are relevant in the Indian medical education scenario.

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3d Models as a Source for Neuroanatomy Education: a Stepwise White Matter Dissection Using 3d Images and Photogrammetry Scans

Oliveira,

Fernandes,

Figueiredo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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White matter dissection (WMD) involves isolating bundles of myelinated axons in the brain and serves to gain insights into brain function and neural mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. While effective, cadaveric brain dissections pose certain challenges mainly due to availability of resources. Technological advancements, such as photogrammetry, have the potential to overcome these limitations by creating detailed three-dimensional (3D) models for immersive learning experiences in neuroanatomy. Objective: This study aimed to provide a detailed step-by-step WMD captured using two-dimensional (2D) images and 3D models (via photogrammetry) to serve as a comprehensive guide for studying white matter tracts of the brain. One formalin-fixed brain specimen was utilized to perform the WMD. The brain was divided in a sagittal plane and both cerebral hemispheres were stored in a freezer at -20°C for 10 days, then thawed under running water at room temperature. Micro-instruments under an operating microscope were used to perform a systematic lateral-to-medial and medial-to-lateral dissection, while 2D images were captured and 3D models were created through photogrammetry during each stage of the dissection. Dissection was performed with comprehensive examination of the location, main landmarks, connections, and functions of the white matter tracts of the brain. Furthermore, high-quality 3D models of the dissections were created and housed on SketchFab®, allowing for accessible and free of charge viewing for educational and research purposes. Our comprehensive dissection and 3D models have the potential to increase understanding of the intricate white matter anatomy and could provide an accessible platform for the teaching of neuroanatomy.

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Projection of realistic three‐dimensional photogrammetry models using stereoscopic display: A technical note

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Use of photogrammetry-based digital models in anatomy education: An overview

Use of photogrammetry-based digital models in anatomy education: An overview

“Visualization matters” – Stereoscopic visualization of 3D graphic neuroanatomic models through AnaVu enhances basic recall and radiologic anatomy learning when compared with monoscopy

3d Models as a Source for Neuroanatomy Education: a Stepwise White Matter Dissection Using 3d Images and Photogrammetry Scans

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