Neuropsychology and neuropharmacology of P3a and P3b

Polich, John; Criado, José R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.012

Cited by 640 publications

(544 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…The amplitude of the P3 is usually defined as a correlate of the depth of elaborative processing and analysis of the incoming information [27,28]. Thus, when the reward positivity was observed with larger amplitude -possibly indicating a more intensive positive prediction error signaling -it was followed by a P3 with larger amplitude presumably corresponding to a higher level of elaborative processing.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Electrophysiological Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reward positivity occurs with larger amplitude for unexpected than expected rewarding events [26]; thus, it can be regarded as a decisive index of outcome evaluation which reliably reflects the predictive processing. In addition, both the FRN and the reward positivity ERP components typically constitute a 'complex' with the following P3 component peaking at approximately between 300 and 500 ms [27][28][29]. The P3 is thought to reflect a more thorough evaluative process of the outcome events [30][31][32], including the local and global probabilistic properties, motivational significance of the stimuli, and also the amount of expended/invested attention [33].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Age-related characteristics of risky decision-making and progressive expectation formation

Kardos

Kóbor

Takács

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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During daily encounters, it is inevitable that people take risks. Investigating the sequential processing of risk hazards involve expectation formation about outcome contingencies. The present study aimed to explore risk behavior and its neural correlates in sequences of decision making, particularly in old age, which represents a critical period regarding risk-taking propensity. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task was used in an electrophysiological setting with young and elderly age groups. During the task each additional pump on a virtual balloon increased the likelihood of a balloon burst but also increased the chance to collect more reward. Event-related potentials associated with rewarding feedback were analyzed based on the forthcoming decisions (whether to continue or to stop) in order to differentiate between states of expectation towards gain or loss. In the young, the reward positivity ERP component increased as a function of reward contingencies with the largest amplitude for rewarding feedback followed by the decision to stop. In the elderly, however, reward positivity did not reflect the effect of reward structure. Behavioral indices of risk-taking propensity suggest that the performance of the young and the elderly were dissociable only with respect to response times: The elderly was characterized by hesitation and more deliberative decision making throughout the experiment. These findings signify that sequential tracking of outcome contingencies has a key role in cost-efficient action planning and progressive expectation formation.Keywords: Aging; Decision making; Feedback-related ERPs; Reward positivity; Risk-taking behavior Whether we are aware of the fact or not, risk-taking behavior occurs more frequently during our everyday actions than generally thought. Besides those simple and common examples like taking only one more drink before driving, a temporary excursion from one's self-regulatory goals, i.e., risking the long-term goals for short-term advantages such as making a cheat in a diet, can be considered as a more complex form of 'gambling' [1]. Risk-taking behavior can be defined as a decision making propensity motivated by gain reward beside the possible opportunity to lose [2][3][4]. Since natural circumstances usually include continuous fluctuations in risk, the ability of making decisions based on the acquisition of action-outcome contingencies is an essential part of adaptive risk behavior [5]. In particular, old age represents a critical period due to substantial neurocognitive changes having an effect on both frontal cortical and subcortical brain areas known to be involved in decision making [6,7]. The question remains, however, whether there is a specific inability of the acquisition of relevant information behind the possibly reduced decision quality of the elderly.From the perspective of self-report questionnaires, elderly are characterized by higher risk-avoidance tendency [8]. However, regarding risk behavior, results show evidence for both normal and altered patterns of ...

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Section: Interpretation Of the Electrophysiological Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related characteristics of risky decision-making and progressive expectation formation

Kardos

Kóbor

Takács

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…P3b from the target stimulus for the controls and restless leg patients is comparable, but greatly reduced for the Parkinson's patients. These data suggest that at least the P3a and some portion of the P3b are affected by dopaminergic activity (Polich and Criado, 2006). Several lines of evidence imply catecholaminergic mediation of frontal P300 (P3a) generation: (1) Parkinson disease patients who have decreased levels of dopamine demonstrate deficient P300 measures (Hansch et al, 1982;Stanzione et al, 1991).…”

Section: Dual-transmitter Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This relationship is modulated by biological factors (Polich and Kok, 1995), differences among paradigms (DiTraglia and Polich, 1991;Stenberg, 1994), and psychopathology (Iacono et al, 2002(Iacono et al, , 2003Justus et al, 2001). These effects could be related to individual differences for attentional resource capabilities that may stem from variability for neurotransmitter function (Hill et al, 1998(Hill et al, , 1999Polich and Criado, 2006).…”

Section: Applied P300 Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, available data suggest that P3a is related to frontal focal attention and working memory mediated by dopaminergic activity, and that P3b is related to temporal-parietal activity where dense norepinephrine inputs are found (cf. Braver and Cohen, 2002;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2005;Pineda, 1995;Pineda et al, 1989;Polich and Criado, 2006). Figure 7 illustrates examples of "natural" neuropharmacological interventions (Poceta et al, 2006).…”

Section: Dual-transmitter Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Polich

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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The empirical and theoretical development of the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) is reviewed by considering factors that contribute to its amplitude, latency, and general characteristics. The neuropsychological origins of the P3a and P3b subcomponents are detailed, and how target/ standard discrimination difficulty modulates scalp topography is discussed. The neural loci of P3a and P3b generation are outlined, and a cognitive model is proffered: P3a originates from stimulusdriven frontal attention mechanisms during task processing, whereas P3b originates from temporalparietal activity associated with attention and appears related to subsequent memory processing. Neurotransmitter actions associating P3a to frontal/dopaminergic and P3b to parietal/norepinephrine pathways are highlighted. Neuroinhibition is suggested as an overarching theoretical mechanism for P300, which is elicited when stimulus detection engages memory operations.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) and Event‐Related Potentials (ERPs) with Human Participants

Light

Williams

Minow³

et al. 2010

CP Neuroscience

164

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Understanding the basic neural processes that underlie complex higher-order cognitive operations and functional domains is a fundamental goal of cognitive neuroscience. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method for assessing neurophysiological function that can be used to achieve this goal. EEG measures the electrical activity of large, synchronously firing populations of neurons in the brain with electrodes placed on the scalp. This unit outlines the basics of setting up an EEG experiment with human participants, including equipment, and a step-by-step guide to applying and preparing an electrode cap. Also included are support protocols for two event-related potential (ERP) paradigms, P50 suppression and mismatch negativity (MMN), which are measures of early sensory processing. These paradigms can be used to assess the integrity of early sensory processing in normal individuals and clinical populations, such as individuals with schizophrenia. KeywordsElectroencephalography (EEG); Sensory Gating; P50 Suppression; Mismatch Negativity (MMN); Schizophrenia Understanding the basic neural processes that underlie complex higher-order cognitive operations and functional domains is a fundamental goal of cognitive neuroscience. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method for assessing neurophysiological function that can be used to achieve this goal. EEG measures the electrical activity of large, synchronously firing, populations of neurons in the brain with electrodes placed on the scalp. Many EEG researchers utilize an event-related potential (ERP) experimental design, in which a large number of time-locked experimental trials are averaged together, allowing the investigator to probe sensory, perceptual, and cognitive processing with millisecond precision. This high temporal resolution lends itself well to the study of the earliest stages of information processing and the subsequent transitions from sensory-based perceptual processing to the higher cognitive operations that are necessary to successfully navigate through the complex stimulus-laden environment of everyday life.

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Neuropsychology and neuropharmacology of P3a and P3b

Cited by 640 publications

References 199 publications

Age-related characteristics of risky decision-making and progressive expectation formation

Age-related characteristics of risky decision-making and progressive expectation formation

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Electroencephalography (EEG) and Event‐Related Potentials (ERPs) with Human Participants

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