Neuropsychological Measures in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Preschool: Can Developmental Research Inform Diagnostic Practice?

Merkt, Julia; Siniatchkin, Michael; Petermann, Franz

doi:10.1177/1087054716629741

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Identification of preschool children at risk for ADHD and providing early intervention are imperative [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The diagnosis of preschool ADHD is challenging due to the relative scarcity of clinical interviews and rating scales for preschoolers, as well as the variable nature of structure across preschool settings, which makes them unfavorable for multi-informant assessments [ 8 , 9 ]. To facilitate diagnosis, the continuous performance test (CPT) and electroencephalography (EEG), which have the advantages of safety, low price, quick preparation, wide availability, and convenience, can be used to directly investigate individual performance on attention-demanding tasks [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Rate-Related Neural Dynamics Using Wireless EEG to Assist Diagnosis and Intervention Planning for Preschoolers with ADHD Exhibiting Heterogeneous Cognitive Proficiency

Chen

Chang

et al. 2022

JPM

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This study used a wireless EEG system to investigate neural dynamics in preschoolers with ADHD who exhibited varying cognitive proficiency pertaining to working memory and processing speed abilities. Preschoolers with ADHD exhibiting high cognitive proficiency (ADHD-H, n = 24), those with ADHD exhibiting low cognitive proficiency (ADHD-L, n = 18), and preschoolers with typical development (TD, n = 31) underwent the Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and wireless EEG recording under different conditions (rest, slow-rate, and fast-rate task). In the slow-rate task condition, compared with the TD group, the ADHD-H group manifested higher delta and lower beta power in the central region, while the ADHD-L group manifested higher parietal delta power. In the fast-rate task condition, in the parietal region, ADHD-L manifested higher delta power than those in the other two groups (ADHD-H and TD); additionally, ADHD-L manifested higher theta as well as lower alpha and beta power than those with ADHD-H. Unlike those in the TD group, the delta power of both ADHD groups was enhanced in shifting from rest to task conditions. These findings suggest that task-rate-related neural dynamics contain specific neural biomarkers to assist clinical planning for ADHD in preschoolers with heterogeneous cognitive proficiency. The novel wireless EEG system used was convenient and highly suitable for clinical application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Rate-Related Neural Dynamics Using Wireless EEG to Assist Diagnosis and Intervention Planning for Preschoolers with ADHD Exhibiting Heterogeneous Cognitive Proficiency

Chen

Chang

et al. 2022

JPM

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“…Therefore, a multimethod, multi-informant approach for evaluating a child's behavior in everyday conditions is necessary; in this context, validated and standardized rating scales for use by parents or teachers are appropriate tools for assessing symptoms across settings [3], [10], [12], [13]. However, the results of the scales rated by parents or caregivers and teachers are often inconsistent and less reliable because of sample characteristics, parents' misinterpretation of appropriate behavior during child development, differences in structure and expectations in various settings, discrepancies in the forbearance of raters [12], [14], [15]. Since diagnosing ADHD at a preschool age is usually more complicated and challenging than at an elementary school age, devising objective measurements to obtain biomarkers that serve as supplements in establishing a diagnosis is essential for clinicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Dynamics for Facilitating ADHD Diagnosis in Preschoolers: Central and Parietal Delta Synchronization in the Kiddie Continuous Performance Test

Chen

Chang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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The present study aimed to characterize children at risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during preschool age and provide early intervention. The continuous performance test (CPT) and electroencephalography (EEG) can contribute additional valuable information to facilitate diagnosis. This study measured brain dynamics at slow and fast task rates in the CPT using a wireless wearable EEG and identified correlations between the EEG and CPT data in preschool children with ADHD.Forty-nine preschool children participated in this study, of which 29 were diagnosed with ADHD and 20 exhibited typical development (TD). The Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) and wireless wearable EEG recordings were employed simultaneously. Significant differences were observed between the groups with ADHD and TD in task-related EEG spectral powers (central as well as parietal delta, P <0.01), which were distinct only in the slow-rate task condition. A shift from resting to the CPT task condition induced overall alpha powers decrease in the ADHD group. In the task condition, the delta powers were positively correlated with the CPT perseveration scores, whereas the alpha powers were negatively correlated with specific CPT scores mainly on perseveration and detectability (P < 0.05). These results,

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“…Identi cation of preschool children at risk for ADHD and providing early intervention are imperative [5,[13][14][15]. The lack of clinical interviews and rating scales as well as the less structured nature of preschool settings, which is unfavorable for multi-informant assessments, make the diagnosis of preschool ADHD challenging [16,17]. To facilitate diagnosis, the continuous performance test (CPT) and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), which have the advantages of safety, low cost, high speed, and convenience, can be used to investigate individual performance on attention-demanding tasks directly [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Related Brain Oscillation and Coherence Analysis Between High and Low Cognitive Proficiencies in Preschoolers With Attention Deﬁcit Hyperactivity Disorder

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Chang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundEarly diagnosis and intervention is essential for children at risk of attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For preschool-age children with ADHD, who have heterogeneous neurobehavioral deficits, the continuous performance test and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) can facilitate clinical diagnosis. This study investigated EEG dynamics and task-based EEG coherence in preschoolers with ADHD, who exhibited varying cognitive proficiencies.MethodsThe participants comprised 54 preschoolers (aged 5–7 years), 18 and 16 of whom exhibited high and low cognitive proficiency (ADHD-H and ADHD-L, respectively). The remaining 20 children had typical development (TD). All the children underwent the Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and wireless EEG recording under different task conditions (rest, fast, and slow). ResultsIn the slow-rate task condition, the task-related parietal delta power of preschoolers with ADHD-L was significantly higher than that of their peers with TD. In the fast-rate condition, the preschoolers with ADHD-L exhibited higher parietal delta and theta/beta ratio as well as lower parietal beta power than those with ADHD-H. Unlike those in the TD group, the alpha power values of the participants in both the ADHD groups declined from rest to the task conditions. Task- related EEG beta coherence was decreased in both ADHD groups, which were distinct with TD groups. ConclusionThe aforementioned findings suggest that task-related brain oscillations were related to cognitive proficiency in preschool children with ADHD. The novel wireless EEG system used was demonstrated to be convenient and highly suitable for clinical use in preschool children. The EEG profiles in the present study may contain specific neural biomarkers that can assist early detection, diagnosis, and clinical planning for the treatment of ADHD in preschool children.

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Neuropsychological Measures in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Preschool: Can Developmental Research Inform Diagnostic Practice?

Abstract: Results from developmental research could benefit studies that improve ADHD diagnosis at the individual level. It might be helpful to consider testing as a structured situation for behavioral observation by the clinician.

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

Task-Rate-Related Neural Dynamics Using Wireless EEG to Assist Diagnosis and Intervention Planning for Preschoolers with ADHD Exhibiting Heterogeneous Cognitive Proficiency

Task-Rate-Related Neural Dynamics Using Wireless EEG to Assist Diagnosis and Intervention Planning for Preschoolers with ADHD Exhibiting Heterogeneous Cognitive Proficiency

Neural Dynamics for Facilitating ADHD Diagnosis in Preschoolers: Central and Parietal Delta Synchronization in the Kiddie Continuous Performance Test

Task-Related Brain Oscillation and Coherence Analysis Between High and Low Cognitive Proficiencies in Preschoolers With Attention Deﬁcit Hyperactivity Disorder

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