Neuropsychological Investigations of Human Amnesia: Insights Into the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobes in Cognition

Verfaellie, Mieke; Keane, Margaret M.

doi:10.1017/s1355617717000649

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Any further autobiographical episodes retrieved are categorised as 'external', and Strikwerda-Brown, Mothakunne, have now attempted to separate out the sub-components of external content. I am happy to concur with the statement by Verfaellie and Keane (2017) that "the potential impact of different approaches to testing and scoring autobiographical memory also has garnered recent attention and remains an area of active investigation." has postulated two types of provoked confabulation; and Schnider (2017) distinguished between four types of confabulation, a central notion being that spontaneous confabulation is defined by a patient acting upon his/her erroneous memories.…”

Section: Types Of Confabulationmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In a recent review, Sekeres, Winocur, and Moscovitch (2018) concluded the same, but postulated specialisation in subfields along the long axis of the hippocampi. Many recent studies indicate widespread cortical activations during autobiographical memory retrieval (Svoboda, McKinnon, & Levine, 2006) or postulate important interactions between cortical and medial temporal regions in autobiographical retrieval (Bonnici & Maguire, 2018;Ghosh, Moscovitch, Colella, & Gilboa, 2014;Irish et al 2018;McCormick, St-Laurent, Ty, Valiante, & McAndrews, 2015;McCormick, Ciaramelli, De Luca, & Maguire, 2018;Moscovitch, Cabeza, Winocur, & Nadel, 2016;Simons & Spiers, 2003;Verfaellie & Keane, 2017).…”

Section: Theories Of Ra and The Temporal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalies of Autobiographical Memory

Kopelman

2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives:In this paper, I review three ‘anomalies’ or disorders in autobiographical memory: neurological retrograde amnesia (RA), spontaneous confabulation, and psychogenic amnesia.Methods:Existing theories are reviewed, their limitations considered, some of my own empirical findings briefly described, and possible interpretations proposed and interspersed with illustrative case-reports.Results:In RA, there may be an important retrieval component to the deficit, and factors at encoding may give rise to the relative preservation of early memories (and the reminiscence bump) which manifests as a temporal gradient. Spontaneous confabulation appears to be associated with a damaged ‘filter’ in orbitofrontal and ventromedial frontal regions. Consistent with this, an empirical study has shown that both the initial severity of confabulation and its subsequent decline are associated with changes in the executive function (especially in cognitive estimate errors) and inversely with the quantity of accurate autobiographical memories retrieved. Psychogenic amnesia can be ‘global’ or ‘situation-specific’. The former is associated with a precipitating stress, depressed mood, and (often) a past history of a transient neurological amnesia. In these circumstances, frontal control mechanisms can inhibit retrieval of autobiographical memories, and even the sense of ‘self’ (identity), while compromised medial temporal function prevents subsequent retrieval of what occurred during a ‘fugue’. An empirical investigation of psychogenic amnesia and some recent imaging studies have provided findings consistent with this view.Conclusions:Taken together, these various observations point to the importance of frontal ‘control’ systems (in interaction with medial temporal/hippocampal systems) in the retrieval and, more particularly, the disrupted retrieval of ‘old’ memories.

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Section: Types Of Confabulationmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Theories Of Ra and The Temporal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalies of Autobiographical Memory

Kopelman

2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Through these analogies, our model challenged the traditional view of the hippocampus only ascribed to the explicit/adaptive memory by an innate/implicit memory structure and essential mediator to explicit (declarative) memory. Although the hippocampus and adjacent structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) share function homology to the mushroom bodies of invertebrates (such as insects and crustacea) ( 24 – 26 ) and are evolutionarily ancient brain regions, the involvement of MTL in short-term associative memory is recent ( 27 , 28 ). Hence, MTL bridges both implicit and explicit processes, which is not a new idea, but in line with kinetic models ( 29 ), functional neuroimaging studies ( 30 , 31 ), and processing-based models ( 32 ).…”

Section: A Journey From Consciousness To Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Self and the Brain. The Immune Metaphor

Sánchez-Ramón

Faure

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is how brain activity relates to conscious experience. Even though self-consciousness is considered an emergent property of the brain network, a quantum physics-based theory assigns a momentum of consciousness to the single neuron level. In this work, we present a brain self theory from an evolutionary biological perspective by analogy with the immune self . In this scheme, perinatal reactivity to self inputs would guide the selection of neocortical neurons within the subplate, similarly to T lymphocytes in the thymus. Such self-driven neuronal selection would enable effective discrimination of external inputs and avoid harmful “autoreactive” responses. Multiple experimental and clinical evidences for this model are provided. Based on this self tenet, we outline the postulates of the so-called autophrenic diseases, to then make the case for schizophrenia, an archetypic disease with rupture of the self. Implications of this model are discussed, along with potential experimental verification.

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“…We recall our past experiences in the form of autobiographical memories, and are also able to imagine potential future events. Along with spatial navigation ( O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978 ; Maguire et al, 2000 ; Ekstrom et al, 2003 ; Moser et al, 2008 ), these cognitive functions have been linked with a brain structure called the hippocampus ( Scoville and Milner, 1957 ; Tulving, 1985 ; Klein et al, 2002 ; Svoboda et al, 2006 ; Addis et al, 2007 ; Verfaellie and Keane, 2017 ). Views differ on the precise role played by the hippocampus in supporting these seemingly disparate cognitive functions (e.g., Schacter et al, 2012 ; Maguire and Mullally, 2013 ; Moscovitch et al, 2016 ; Ekstrom and Ranganath, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Strategy Use During the Performance of Hippocampal-Dependent Tasks

2020

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Recalling the past, thinking about the future, and navigating in the world are linked with a brain structure called the hippocampus. Precisely, how the hippocampus enables these critical cognitive functions is still debated. The strategies people use to perform tasks associated with these functions have been under-studied, and yet, such information could augment our understanding of the associated cognitive processes and neural substrates. Here, we devised and deployed an in-depth protocol to examine the explicit strategies used by 217 participants to perform four naturalistic tasks widely acknowledged to be hippocampal-dependent, namely, those assessing scene imagination, autobiographical memory recall, future thinking, and spatial navigation. In addition, we also investigated strategy use for three laboratory-based memory tasks, one of which is held to be hippocampal-dependent – concrete verbal paired associates (VPA) – and two tasks, which are likely hippocampal-independent – abstract VPA and the dead or alive semantic memory test. We found that scene visual imagery was the dominant strategy not only when mentally imagining scenes, but also during autobiographical memory recall, when thinking about the future and during navigation. Moreover, scene visual imagery strategies were used most frequently during the concrete VPA task, whereas verbal strategies were most prevalent for the abstract VPA task and the dead or alive semantic memory task. The ubiquity of specifically scene visual imagery use across a range of tasks may attest to its, perhaps underappreciated, importance in facilitating cognition, while also aligning with perspectives that emphasize a key role for the hippocampus in constructing scene imagery.

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Neuropsychological Investigations of Human Amnesia: Insights Into the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobes in Cognition

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Anomalies of Autobiographical Memory

Anomalies of Autobiographical Memory

Self and the Brain. The Immune Metaphor

Characterizing Strategy Use During the Performance of Hippocampal-Dependent Tasks

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